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Author: Ammianus Marcellinus.
Title: The Roman historie containing such acts and occurrents as passed under Constantius, Iulianus, Iovianus, Valentinianus, and Valens, emperours. Digested into 18. bookes, the remains of 31. and written first in Latine by Ammianus Marcellinus: now translated newly into English. Wherunto is annexed the chronologie, serving in stead of a briefe supplement of those former 13. bookes, which by the iniurie of time are lost: together with compendious annotations and coniectures upon such hard places as occurre in the said historie. Done by Philemon Holland of the citie of Coventrie, Doctor in Physicke.
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Print source: The Roman historie containing such acts and occurrents as passed under Constantius, Iulianus, Iovianus, Valentinianus, and Valens, emperours. Digested into 18. bookes, the remains of 31. and written first in Latine by Ammianus Marcellinus: now translated newly into English. Wherunto is annexed the chronologie, serving in stead of a briefe supplement of those former 13. bookes, which by the iniurie of time are lost: together with compendious annotations and coniectures upon such hard places as occurre in the said historie. Done by Philemon Holland of the citie of Coventrie, Doctor in Physicke.
Ammianus Marcellinus., Holland, Philemon, 1552-1637.
London: Printed by Adam Islip, An. 1609.
Alternate titles: Rerum gestarum libri. English
Subject terms:
Rome -- History -- Empire, 284-476 -- Early works to 1800.
URL: https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A06878.0001.001
How to cite: For suggestions on citing this text, please see Citing the TCP on the Text Creation Partnership website.

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TO THE RIGHT WOR∣shipfull, the Major, and his Brethren, the Aldermen &c. of the Citie of Coventrie.
¶ GALLVS AND CON∣STANTIVS.
CAP. 1. The horrible acts of Caesar Gallus, through his wives instigation committed in the East parts.
CHAP. 11. Warre raised by the Brigands or Robbers of Isauria, whereof the euents and issues were diuers.
CHAP. III. The violent Rhode into Mesopotamia of Nohodares the Persian, together with the Saracens: whose manners are lively depainted.
CHAP. IIII. The Massacres of Constantius Caesar, committed in the West, by the advise and endevors of flatterers about him.
CHAP. V. The lively portraiture of the citie of Rome, in her flower and youthfull daies of growth, in her full yeares and strength, in her old age also and crasie time full of diseases. Likewise, the description of the most miserable estate thereof under Constantius and Gallus.
CHAP. VI. Gallus taketh pleasure in spilling of mans bloud, and manageth all his affaires unfortunately, and by commaundement from Constantius admo∣nished hereof, maketh a tumult, whereupon ensueth horrible bloudshed in the East.
CHAP. VII. The description of the East Provinces, all save Mesopotamia and Aegypt.
CHAP. VIII. Certaine persons, but principally Epigonus and Eusebius, by the com∣maundement of Gallus are executed.
CHAP. IX. Constantius highly offended with Gallus, levieth warre upon the Aleman kings: unto whom craving peace, he with consent of the Romane armie graunteth it.
CHAP. X. Constantius by sundry wily sleights ensnareth Gallus, bereft of his wife: and when he was by a traine brought unto him, putteth him to death.
CHAP. XI. The equitie of the heavenly power of God, shewed in the variable fortune and death of some great personages, and of Gallus especially, is here recommended unto us.
THE XV. BOOKE.
CHAP. 1. Constantius upon the execution of Gallus, become more fierce and outra∣geous, and by the wilie and subtile devises of sycophants in the Court undone and overthrowne, goeth about to kill Vrsicinus, Iulianus, and Gorgonius, men of espe∣ciall Nobilitie.
CHAP. 11. Those that had taken part with Gallus, together with many innocent persons, are cruelly punished. Some that in taking their cups liberally had blurted out some foo∣lish words against Constantius, were therefore put to dolo∣rous torments, and kept in close prison.
CHAP. III. Warre against the Lentienses, a people of Alemaine. The description of the Lake Brigantia. The Romane armie discomfited and put to flight, having with∣in a while after vanquished the Alemans, returned to Mil∣laine, there to winter.
CHAP. 1111. The wicked designements of some principall courtiers against Silvanus, a most valiant warrior and captaine.
CHAP. V. Silvanus through the unreasonable abuse offered unto him by his adversaries, was driven to plot and take violent courses, and in Gaule mounteth up to the imperiall dignitie, and so at length is slaine.
CHAP. VI. Constantius through the great and glorious words of Flatterers, exalted now as it were up to the skie, exerciseth crueltie upon noble personages. Leontius represseth a se∣ditious uprore raised in the citie. A Romane bishop named Liberius, for favouring Athanasius bishop of Alexandria, is put from his See, and expelled the Citie.
CHAP. VII. By reason of Gaule inclined to revolt, Constantius not able to undergoe the charge, minding to take Iulian to him as his companion in the Empire, is hindered by flatterers: but in the end declareth Iulian his Colleague, and in∣vesteth him in the purple Robe, with exceeding ap∣plause of the whole armie.
CHAP. VIII. Iulianus having wedded the sister of Constantius, came to Vienna: where by a certaine old wife his future acts as touching Religion are fore-told.
CHAP. IX. Of the first originall of the Gaules. Their Bardi, Eubages, and Druidae. The nature of the aire and soile among them: and the description of the Alpes.
CHAP. X. Gaule called Celtica, Aquitanica, and Belgica, the principall parts thereof, to∣gether with the shapes and manners of the people, are described.
CHAP. XI. The state of Gaule in the time of Constantius and Iulianus Emperours.
THE XVI. BOOKE.
CHAP. 1. Reports in commendation of Iulianus, who setting behind all delight∣some pleasures, and having quickly dispatched a long voyage, subdueth certaine parts of Gaule, and forceth them to be quiet.
CHAP. II. The vertues of Iulianus, beseeming a magnanimous prince, Ammianus Marcellinus exactly describeth.
CHAP. III. Troubles in the Court of Constantius, whose eares lay open to all accusations. Arbetio brought into question by some, escaped without harme. Iulianus himselfe being accused, had for his patron Eutherius the Eunuch: the singular gifts of whose mind are here declared.
CHAP. IIII. Other examples of Tragoedies acted in Constantius his Theatre. The confident and fortunate libertie that Vrsulus an honourable person used in defence of the truth. The stupiditie of Constantius maketh way to civile trou∣bles and calamities: whereof there be examples laid open worth the observation.
CHAP. V. Constantius, a cowardly prince, thinketh upon a triumph: and with a mightie long traine, which is here as largely described, in great pompe entreth Rome.
CHAP. VI. What deedes and words passed at the same time in that citie. Eusebia the wife of Con∣stantius reacheth at the person of Helena, Iulians wife, by wicked arts. Con∣stantius terrified with continuall and certaine news, as touching the wasting and robberies that some Nations made, leaveth Rome.
CHAP. VII. Iulian having passed the Winter at Senones, invadeth the Alemanes, raging above their wonted manner, passeth over the Rhene at a foord, and after he had with many foiles and overthrowes weakened them, for∣ceth them to retyre out of the Islands of Rhene into the further parts.
CHAP. VIII. A Fort named Tres-Tabernae he reedifieth. Chonodomarius and Vestralpus, Aleman kings, after they had put to flight Barbatio, Colonell of the Ro∣mane footmen, and chased part of the armie with a puissant army, sat them downe neere unto Argentoratum, and by their embassadours insult over Iulianus.
CHAP. IX. Whiles the enemies thus proudly brave it out, Iulianus politiquely looking to him∣selfe, exhorteth his armie to fight. The souldiors and captaines of the Forces cheerefully approove the counsell of their Gene∣rall and Commaunder.
CHAP. X. The order of the Alemans armie, and the principall commaunders thereof. Iu∣lianus a second time wisely encourageth as well his ownemen as strangers to give battaile.
CHAP. XI. A bloudie battaile fought betweene the Alemans and Romanes, wherein the wis∣dome, valour, and invincible courage of Iulian especially appeareth.
CHAP. XII. A most sharpe conflict of the footmen fighting close at hand strokes, and that with variable fortune. At length the Alemans put to flight, are defea∣ted, and suffer afearefull overthrow.
CHAP. XIII. Chonodomarius fetched backe out of his flight, and brought unto Iulian, was with cle∣mencie received and sent to Rome, where he ended his daies. The sycophants in court eclipse the light of Iulians victorie, the glorie whereof (like as of all other ex∣ploits valiantly and happily atchieved against the enemies of the Empire, in farre dissite places) Constantius then being in Italie, arrogantly and fondly durst at∣tribute to himselfe.
THE XVII. BOOKE.
CHAP. 1. Iulian infesteth the Alemanes, and after hee had put them to sundry losses, forceth them to crave a truce, which for ten moneths they obtaine.
CHAP. II. The Frankes keeping foule rule about Colonia Agrippina and Iuliacum, he represseth, having besieged and recovered the towne Castellum. Then he taketh or∣der, that provinciall people should not unreasonably be over∣charged with new taxes and tributes, which the Lord chiefe Iustice thought to levie and gather of them.
CHAP. III. A long narration at touching the Obeliske, which was erected in the greatest shew-place at Rome.
CHAP. IIII. A Greeke and English exposition of those characters which were cut and engraven in this Obeliske.
CHAP. V. The embassage of Sapor king of Persia unto Constantius, as touching a peace upon certaine conditions to be concluded.
CHAP. VI. The answere of Constantius unto Sapor his letters: The Iuthungi, certaine Alemans, are vanquished by Barbatio.
CHAP. VII. A Report or Historie as touching the dreadfull Earthquakes which shooke the moun∣taines and many townes of Macedonie and Pontus, together with a Phy∣sicall consideration of these Earthquakes.
CHAP. VIII. Iulianus whiles he maketh his abode in Paris, warreth upon the Alemans. After that the Franci, Salij, and Chamani were defeated and subdued, there fell out a famine, which in the armie caused a tumult and hot mutinie; which being quenched, our soul∣diors passe over Rhene, and lay wast the Alemans territories.
CHAP. IX. The Aleman kings Suomarius and Hortarius, not able to endure the heavie weight of this warre, in humble manner sue for peace, and obtaine it.
CHAP. X. The flatterers in Court goe about to deprave and fore-doe the noble deeds and ver∣tues of Iulianus with flouts and skoffes before Constantius; which is no new and strange practise, Marcellinus sheweth by allegation of notable examples.
CHAP. XI. The warre that Constantius made against the Sarmatians and the Quadi.
CHAP. XII. Zabais, Acabacius, Vsafer, and other petie kings or princes of the Quadi, with humble prayer and as submissive gestures seeke unto Con∣stantius for peace, and receive the same.
CHAP. XIII. The Sarmatians that were slaves, after they had put to flight and banished their lords and masters, contemned the clemencie of Constantius, and trusting upon the strength of their places, furnish themselves with guile, wea∣pons, and prayers together, for their defence.
CHAP. XIIII. The Sarmatian slaves daring to ioyne battaile with the Romane armie, after ashort fight are discomfited, and by a very bloudie execution, within the space of halfe an houre utterly destroyed. After which overthrow, the rest who remained at home were cruelly dealt with.
CHAP. XV. The Picenses and Limigantes, terrified with these fresh examples of their confederats thus subdued and laied along, yeeld their neckes unto the Romane yoke: and having beene compelled to seeke other places for their habitation, at length are reducea by Constan∣tius into their auncient seat.
CHAP. XVI. Constantius taking ioy in the sirname and style of Secundus Sarmaticus, in a so∣lemne Oration reioyceth both in the behalfe of himselfe and of his armie, for the victorie gained of his enemies.
THE XVIII. BOOKE.
CHAP. I. Iulianus Caesar having set aside all cares of warre, hath a watchfull eye to the safetie of Gaule, and seemeth a maintainer and lover of justice: after this, renewing warre against the Alemans, he buil∣deth and storeth his garners: seven cities he taketh in, and repaireth.
CHAP. II. The Alemans having intelligence how the Romane armie was broken in, and had set sure footing beyond Rhene, or ave peace, which upon certaine conditions was graunted.
CHAP. III. Barbatio colonell of the Infanterie, and Assyria his wife attaint of high treason, are beheaded.
CHAP. IIII. Whiles Sapor king of the Persians prepareth to make warre against the Romanes, Constantius besotted by his sycophants of the Court, is advised to call backe home Vrsicinus, a most renowmed warrior and Praefect of the East.
CHAP. V. Antoninus a politicke and well experienced person, leaving Constan∣tius, sideth with Sapor.
CHAP. VI. Sabinianus a cowardly old man, and unfit for warre, is substituted for Vrsicinus the successor elect of Barbatio. Antoninus honourably received of the Persians, stood them afterward in very good stead.
CHAP. VII. The comming of Sabinianus and departure of Vrsicinus bringeth sorrow unto the provinces in the East, subiect to the Romane Empire, and with perplexitie of cares troubleth the cap∣taines of the forces.
CHAP. VIII. The Persians with a great power make an excursion upon the Romanes, with varietie of fortune, as commonly it is seene.
CHAP. IX. The Romanes that abode in Amida having in some sort intelligence of the Persians de∣signes, by certaine characters written in a parchment, send out Ammianus Mar∣cellinus, who wisely having taken view of the enemies armie, returneth un∣to his companie more speedily than could be hoped or looked for.
CHAP. X. After that Mesopotamia was by the Romanes wasted, the fields fiered, and the places fortified to endure the first brunts of warre, Sabinianus ridiculously ta∣keth his pleasure, and maketh much of himselfe.
CHAP. XI. During this time, the Persae using the counsell and helpe of Antoninus, provide well for their owne armie, and on every side encircle two troupes of Romane horsemen, sent for the succour of Mesopotamia: before whom went Antoni∣nus the fugitive, who boldly dallieth with Vrsicinus.
CHAP. XII. The troupes of the Romane horsemen discomfited and put to flight, after the losse of the most part and a number slaine, hardly recover Amida.
CHAP. XIII. The description of Amida a right strong towne: the munition and garrison therein: Sa∣por having taken into his hands certaine fortified Piles, with great clemencie en∣treateth the captives of both sexes, and namely the virgins consecra∣ted and devoted to the Christian Religion, commaun∣ding them to be kept safe.
THE XIX. BOOKE.
CHAP. 1. Sapor lifted up with this small victorie, besiegeth Amida not without dan∣ger. The sonne of king Grumbates, a young gentleman, is pierced through the bodie with the shot of a Balist, and with royall funerals lamented.
CHAP. II. The description of the siege before Amida. A most terrible and hote assault made by the Persians, which the besieged manfully sustaine untill night.
CHAP. III. The care that Vrsicinus had for helping the besieged, whiles Sabinianus slept till he snored againe, remaining still as dead among the Sepulchres. The Plague infesteth the Amidens, and after some few dayes by fall of smallshowers ceaseth.
CHAP. IIII. When the citie was encircled round about with hurdle-Fabrickes, by the meanes of a cer∣taine townes man the Persians become masters of an high tower, from whence cun∣ningly they scatter fire-darts among the besieged, and by all meanes molest them, and upon the winning of a pile called Ziatum, cruelly fall upon many thousands of prisoners.
CHAP. V. The souldiors of Gaule requiring leave to encounter the enemie, and impatient of delay, charge upon the king of Persia, guarded with a power of one hundred thousand figh∣ting men, and kill a number that lay fast asleepe: but being almost beset round about with other companies that came running in, with the losse of foure hundred retyre unto the citie. After this, their leaders had by commaundement from Constantius armed Statues erected for them.
CHAP. VI. Great sorrow and lamentation in the Persians armie for the slaughter of their nobles and potentates, and three daies cessation of armes: which being past, the A∣midens are fiercely assaulted, but the Persians valiantly repul∣sed: howbeit the next morning by day light they renew the combat.
CHAP. VII. At length, when all the forces were from all parts sent for and assembled together, Amida by the power thereof is woon. Some of the garrison souldiors escape: and among them Ammianus Marcellinus, who by swift flight save themselves. Sapor after he had crucified Aelianus, a lieutenant, and certaine Romane Tribunes, sought carefully for all the Transtigritores, and put them to the sword.
CHAP. VIII. The wife of Craugasius a nobleman, taken captive, sendeth for her husband, who abode at Nisibis with Romanus a Praefect, and the garrison souldiors there: who craftily maketh an escape, and commeth to the Persians hoast: and thus having reco∣vered his wife, is advaunced to new dignities and honours by Sapor, who, by report, in that siege of Amida lost thirtie thou∣sand fighting men.
CHAP. IX. Rome is distressed with dearth and scarcitie of victuals. Tertullus Praefect of the citie, by a wise Oration reclaimeth the people in an uprore, and bringeth them to good order. Vpon the change of wind ships fraight with corne drive away the said want. Constantius prepareth an expedition a∣gainst the rebellious Sarmatians.
CHAP. X. He goeth about to appease the Limigantes of Sarmatia, who pretending that they craved peace, all on a suddaine in raging wise, with weapon in hand, set upon him, and force him to shift for himselfe by running away: But within a while after, as men destined to destruction, they were all put to the sword.
CHAP. XI. A new Tragoedie, growing from a slender matter: the chiefe part wherein to be acted, is committed unto one Paulus a Notarie, and skilfull in cruell feats.
CHAP. XII. The executions of right honourable and most noble personages, whiles Paulus the Nota∣rie sat as Iudge. The exquisit censure of Ammianus Marcellinus as touching this affaire. An horrible monster borne and seene at Antioch. The Isauri with theeving and robberie infest the neighbour nations: but by the threats rather than the rigour of Lauritius, they are reformed.
THE XX. BOOKE.
CHAP. 1. Lupicinus is sent from Iulianus into Britannie, for to represse the troubles and commotions there. Vrsicinus, by the slanderous calumniations of those in the Court depressed and throwne underfoot, laid away his girdle of knighthood, and is commaunded to betake himselfe to a private life.
CHAP. II. A memorable eclipse of the Sunne in the East parts. A discourse according to Naturalists, as touching the motions of Sunne and Moone, and their eclipses.
CHAP. III. The vertues of Iulianus gaule Constantius to the heart. Now when he was minded to take from him the auxiliarie forces, the souldiors favouring Iulian, stand against, partly with open mouth, and partly by casting abroad a libell.
CHAP. IIII. Iulian endevoureth to satisfie the desire of Constantius. But the captaines and souldiors breaking out into a mutinie, take armes, and with lowd voice salute Iulianus by the style of Augustus, yea, and force him to assent thereto, and accept of a diademe set upon his head.
CHAP. V. The Oration of Iulianus as touching the appointment of militarie rewards. Also with what words, the night before that day wherein he was declared Emperour, he was by the publicke Genius of the State saluted.
CHAP. VI. The king of the Persians, whiles Constantius abode farre off, invadeth Mesopotamia, forceth the citie Singara, hewed in pieces two Romane legions, and carried the rest as well citizens as souldiors away unto the furthest parts of Persis.
CHAP. VII. Sapor king of Persia setteth upon Bezabde, otherwise called Phoenicha, and with great violence assaulteth it.
CHAP. VIII. Sapor reiecting the admonitions of a Christian bishop, by force winneth the besie∣ged citie, fareth cruelly against the townesmen: and having given the attempt upon Virta, a most strong fenced citie, and relinqui∣shed this vaine enterprise, at length departeth.
CHAP. IX. Iulianus in good regard of himselfe, by a long Epistle endevoureth to pacifie the mind of Constantius.
CHAP. X. Constantius taking it to the heart that the name of Augustus was conferred upon Iulia∣nus, plotteth many things that take no effect. But Iulian walking warily, af∣ter he had subdued the Frankes called Atthuarij, returneth to Vienna, there to Winter.
CHAP. XI. Constantius having concluded a firme peace with the king of Armenia, assembled an armie, and besiegeth Bezabde: the wals whereof he laboureth in vaine to undermine and overthrow.
CHAP. XII. With new engins of batterie Constantius shaketh the walls of Amida, and with ma∣ny assaults redoubled, in sundry sorts wearieth as well his owne people, as the Persians besieged.
CHAP. XIII. Whiles Constantius determineth to abide there by it, there fall continual shewers of raine (foretold by a rain-bow; concerning which there is annexed a speculative discourse) and then followeth Winter: Fearing therefore a tumult of the angred souldiers, without effecting his purpose, he gets backe into Syria.
THE XXI. BOOKE.
CHAP. I. Iulian purposeth first to begin with Constantius, and to set upon him, con∣jecting his death by sundrie presaging tokens, dreames, amd such like devices: as touching which Ammianus Marcellinus setteth downe his owne judgement.
CHAP. 11. With these arts and an hypocriticall profession of Christianitie, Iulian confirmeth and strengtheneth himselfe. Meane while the Alemans kill a cer∣taine warlike captaine and the garrison souldiors of Iulian, and put others to flight.
CHAP. III. Iulianus having taken Vadomarius prisoner, who was the principall author of this over∣throw, and one much addicted to Constantius, confined him and sent him away into Spaine: and when he had passed over Rhene, he terrified the Alemans, and at their humble suit for pardon graunted them peace.
CHAP. IIII. The hortatorie Oration of Iulianus unto his souldiors, when he meant to give bat∣taile unto Constantius in open field. A solemne oath taken of them all, except Nebridius, whom Iulian delivereth from the furie of the souldiors, and saveth his life.
CHAP. V. What acts Constantius performed, both domesticall and militarie, whiles he wintered in Antioch.
CHAP. VI. In what sort Constantius provided for his instant affaires. The politike speed that Iulian made in setting his designes forward.
CHAP. VII. The fame of Iulians comming chaseth away certaine captaines of the adverse part. Lucil∣lianus thinking to make head against him, is sodainly taken prisoner, and in few words rebuked and chastised. The straits and passes of Illyricum and Thracia, with great celeritie intercepted by Iuli∣anus, are fortified.
CHAP. VIII. An embassage of Iulianus sent unto the Senat of Rome, with an invective against Constantius; two of whose legions under the conduct of Nigrinus having taken in Aquileia, drive Iulianus into new thoughts and counsels.
CHAP. IX. The siege and assault of Aquileia, whiles Iulian wintered in Constantinople, upon hearing of Constantius his death, are described.
CHAP. X. After newes brought of Constantlus his death, the men of Aquileia besieged, set open the gates unto Agilo, sent from Iulianus. Nigrinus is burnt quicke: other two are executed with the sword. Iulianus taketh charge of the affaires in Illyricum and Italie.
CHAP. XI. When there was a very dangerous warre toward, from the Persians, Constantius in much sorrow and perplexitie, in fearefull hast frameth his souldiors to their allegeance. Meane while the Persians, repelled by the direction of the destinies, returne home.
CHAP. XII. Constantius delivered of this care, by a stinging and biting Oration incenseth his soul∣diors against Iulianus, whom he tearmeth Rebell, and sendeth Arbetio and Gomoarius before with certaine Cornets of the more light appointed horsemen.
CHAP. XIII. Constantius after this, being disquieted with dreames, and as hee thought for saken of his tutelar Genius, and frighted withall by a certaine unluckie and ominous token, whiles hee came unto a village neere Antioch, fell mor∣tally sicke, and dyed.
CHAP. XIIII. His Testament and his heire. The ingenuous and plaine dealing of Ammianus Marcellinus, in describing the vertues of Constantius.
CHAP. XV. He cloketh not nor concealeth his vices, but with the pencill of hystoricall truth, pain∣teth them to the life, having described the shape and liniaments of his bo∣die, together with his buriall.
THE XXII. BOOKE.
CHAP. I. The death of Constantius once knowne, Iulianus as yet a young man of good growth, with exceeding applause of all men is received by the Constantinopolitanes.
CHAP. II. He graunteth out a commission to right honourable personages for the examination and triall of all matters: whence ensued the repairing of the tottering state of Commonweale, and the punishment of some lewd and wicked persons.
CHAP. III. The most ugly and lothsome face described, of the court and armie of Iulianus: the same Princes impietie, his hatred and deceitfull dealing against Christ and Christians.
CHAP. IIII. The Aegyptians unseasonably importuning and troubling him, hee wisely expelleth. By a kind of civile submission he laboureth to currie favour with all men. The Ethnicke Philosopher Maximus he familiarly entertaineth. The fame of his vertues and puissance, driveth other Princes to a certaine secret dutifulnesse, and embassages from all parts repaire unto him.
CHAP. V. An exact description of provinces and nations which at this time are inhabited farre and wide in Thracia, and along the circuit of Pontus Euxinus.
CHAP. VI. Part of the contents in the former Chapter.
CHAP. VII. More of the same argument as before.
CHAP. VIII. More still of the same argument.
CHAP. IX. Iulianus borne up on high with the favour of all men, hasteneth to go un∣to Antioch: what acts he did in this iourney.
CHAP. X. Iulian wintereth in Antioch, and there giveth good proofes of patience, lenitie, and equitie: but as bitter and professed enemie of true religion debarreth from the schooles the Christian Grammarians and Rhetoricians.
CHAP. XI. Divers men of great name, who had beene sometime adversaries of Iulian, were pu∣nished sundrie wayes. A seditious uprore raised in Alexandria, which bred many broiles and murders, by an edict of Iulianus is appeased.
CHAP. XII. Iulian addresseth himselfe to the Persian warre. His sacrifices, Heathenish ceremonies, con∣sultation of beasts inwards and bird-flight. The temple of Apollo Daphnaeus by casuall fire burnt, incenseth Iulian against the Christians. Cer∣taine Prodigies and Earthquakes, whereby Nicome∣dia was overthrowne.
CHAP. XIII. Iulianus writeth a booke called Mesopogon, against the Antiocheans. He gently entreateth Theodorus of Hierapolis, who had sided with Constantius. The iudgement of Ammianus Marcellinus, as touching the oxe Apis sought and found.
CHAP. XIIII. An exact draught of things memorable in Aegypt: and first as touching the auncientie of the people: The site and limits of the kingdome: then the heads, courses, mouthes, or issues, and strange wonders of Nilus.
CHAP. XV. Furthermore he describeth the beasts of Aegypt, as well by land as water. Among which, the Crocodile, Ichneumon, Hippopotamus, Ibis, and divers Serpents: as also Temples and the Pyramides.
CHAP. XVI. Lastly, the provinces and cities of Aegypt and Alexandria by name, are described: with addition of famous mens names, and Sciences flourishing in times past in Aegypt.
THE XXIII. BOOKE.
CHAP. I. Iulianus taking unto him Sallustius as Collegue, whom he ordained to bee Praefect for Gallia, goeth in hand with the reedification of the Temple at Jerusalem, but in vaine. Being terrified with ominous signes, and prodigious tokens, yet mindeth he to en∣terprise the Persian war.
CHAP. II. Being departed out of Antioch, he was troubled and haunted with strange signes and dreames: but afterwards comforted againe by sundrie presages, and the arrivall of a most puissant Armadoe, he proceedeth in his intended voyage.
CHAP. III. A curious and exact description of certaine warlike Engines meet for siege and assault.
CHAP. IIII. Iulianus setting nought by the letters of the Praefect of Gaule, passeth over into Persia, and then plucketh up the bridge, to take away all hope from the souldiors to re∣turne. And once againe wearied he is with adverse prodigies, whiles the Soothsayers and Naturalists disagree about the inter∣pretation of such strange tokens.
CHAP. V. Other presaging signes diversly expounded. A persuasive oration of Iulianus unto his souldiers, as touching hot pursuit of the warre against the Persians.
CHAP. VI. The description of the kingdome of Persia; to wit, the beginning of it, the first kings, the rising and encrease, the scituation and limits thereof.
CHAP. VII. The regions thereof: the Praefects or Rulers in it: the wonders of Nature and Cities that it sheweth.
CHAP. VIII. The rivers of Persia which are of greater note: The many tracts therein. The Magi: and a wonderous medicinable oyle.
CHAP. IX. The morefamous and better frequented townes of Persia. A narration as touch∣ing the Parthians, Arabians, Carmans, and Hyrcanes their neighbours, as also of their townes, maners, and commodities
CHAP. X. Divers nations of Persia, the Abij, Margiani, Bactriani, Sacae, Scythians, Laxa•ae, and Galactophagi, together with the chiefe cities, are described.
CHAP. XI. Likewise the Seres, Ariani, Paropamissadae, Drangiani, Ara∣chosij, and Gedrosij.
CHAP. XII. The bodies of the Persians: their manners, lawes, and arts as well of peace as of warre: their decking and trimming especially with pearle: as touching the breeding and nature whereof, a briefe discourse.
THE XXIIII. BOOKE.
CHAP. I. Iulianus in vadeth Persia with a most puissant armie. Anatha is surrendred unto him. The Romane armie is sore troubled with tempestuous whirlewinds, and the sinking of certaine ships laden with corne.
CHAP. II. After that Anatha was burnt, and the standing corne together with the country sheds and •ovels consumed: after also the garrisons of certain castles were in vaine assayled, the armie setteth on fire Diacira & Ozogardana, after they were ransacked and left emptie. A skirmish betweene the Per∣sians and Romans.
CHAP. III. Our armie passeth over Naar-Malcha, i. the Kings river; and then both besiegeth and also assaulteth Pyrisabora, a large and populous towne.
CHAP. IIII. The besieged when they saw once the warlike engine called Helepolis, yeeld themselves un∣to Iulianus: who having driven backe the avant-curriers of the Persians, reneweth the auncient discipline of warre against certaine Tribunes and souldi•rs; and by making an Oration, laboureth to keepe his armie in order and dutifull allegeance.
CHAP. V. The Persians practise meanes of let and hinderance: which when Iulian had with much adoe overcome, he found countries more commodious, and therein Date trees, of which there be some strange reports. Iulian after his armie was refreshed commeth to Euphrates, where he is divided into many branches, and neere unto Mai∣ozamalcha was privily assailed by ten Persians, but notwith∣standing this great danger of his life, escaped in safetie.
CHAP. VI. The siege of Maiozamalcha enterprised and begun by Iulianus.
CHAP. VII. The most strong assault of the said citie. The painefull toyle, industrie, and for∣titude, as well of the besiegers as besieged. At length by under∣mining the walls are overthrowne.
CHAP. VIII. The citie thus forcibly won, is wasted with fire and sword. A dumbe boy and a tum∣bler or player of feats falleth in the pillage to Iulianus his share: the singu∣lar continence of the said Emperour. The hunting of the Romans; their comming to Seleucia. And then was Nabdates cap∣taine or governor of Maiozamalcha exe∣cuted accordingly.
CHAP. IX. Iulianus upon the intercepting of certaine Roman forragers, and avoyding of a great dan∣ger, bes•egeth amost strong fenced pyle, which he winneth and burneth, after hee had thrust certaine h•rsemen to the service on foot, who cowardly received the brun• of certaine Persian Brigands: And then by ioyning of bridges together, the armie passeth over Tigris.
CHAP. X. After the ships were delivered out of extreame danger, the armies on both sides were put in ordinance of battaile, whereupon ensued a sharpe conflict here de∣scribed, whereby the Persians were chased as farre as the walls of Ctesiphon, when they had lost 2500 of their men.
CHAP. XI. Iulianus preparing a number of sacrifices unto Mars, was terrified with an ominous signe. Leaving therefore the siege of Ctesiphon, he forrayeth and wa∣steth the countries round about: and not well advised, set∣teth on fire and consumeth all his ships, save only twelve of a lesser sort.
CHAP. XII. The Persians having burnt the growne grasse and standing corne, drive the Romans desti∣tute of shipping, and distressed with the distemperature of weather and soyle, both into many straits, yea and forceth them to alter their iourney.
THE XXV. BOOKE.
CHAP. 1. The Romane armie encountreth and joineth in fight by many a skirmish with the Persian hoast. The armour of the Persian men at armes on bard horses. The terrible shew of Elephants. A battailefought with a mightie overthrow and slaughter of the Persians.
CHAP. II. The Romane armie afflicted with famine. The frugalitie of Iulian. His owne Genius and a Starre appeareth in menacing manner unto him.
CHAP. III. The next day Iulianus raised and stirred with the foile and overthrow of his owne men, whiles forgetting his Brigandine, and catching up his shield he hasteneth to the bat∣taile, chaunced by a horsemans staffe or speare to be run into the ribs; but whiles he assaieth to pluckeforth the head, hee fell from his horse, and out of the battaile, which was to both parts lamentable, was brought backe into the campe.
CHAP. IIII. The Oration of Iulianus to those that stood round about him in his pavilion; which being ended, he distributed his privat house-goods among his neerest favourites: And then discoursing exactly as touching the sublimitie of mens soules, having drunk a draught of cold water, he departed this life in the three and thirtieth yeare of his age.
CHAP. V. The vertues of Iulianus are at large by Ammianus Marcellinus described.
CHAP. VI. Hereto is annexed a briefe recitall of his vices.
CHAP. VII. Consultations and variances among the principall captaines and the chiefe officers of the armie as touching the creation of a new Emperor. At length Iovianus is cho∣sen, who was received with different affection by the armie.
CHAP. VIII. The Persians hearing of Iulians death, by a certaine Ensigne-bearer that was a fugi∣tive, set upon the Romans, who after certaine skirmishes, when they had discomfited and driven away the Saracen spoyle-takers, ap∣proach the citie Dura.
CHAP. IX. The Roman souldiors wearied with so often assaults of the Persians, instantly crave leave, notwithstanding Iovianus stood against it, to passe over Tigris: whom, for all that they wrestled with hunger, Sapor feared.
CHAP. X. The embassage of Sapor, for the concluding and confirmation of a peace: Iovianus for want of skilfull policie provideth badly for the Roman armie, and whatsoever the embassa∣dors of Sapor asked, without any strife he yeeldeth to. Vpon pledges on both sides taken that peace dishonourable to the Roman Empire and name, by a new and fraudulent practise of the Persians turned to the overthrow and undoing of ma∣ny. The Roman souldiors in wicker floats and boats made in hast, passe over the river Tigris, and notwith∣out their great losse and disadvantage escape with life.
CHAP. XI. After they had marched sixe daies iourney with penurie of all things, refreshed they are with new provision of victuals. Iovianus goeth in hand with establishing the state of the Empire. The Nisibenes hearing that their citie, of all o∣thers in the East the strongest, was surrendred to Sa∣por, burst into teares.
CHAP. XII. When these victuals were spent, the armie is distressed with hunger. Iovianus refu∣seth to enter into Nisibis: which citie, Bineses in the name of Sapor taketh possession of, notwithstanding the loyall and faithfull citizens, who in vaine stood against him, and whose pitifull departure out of it is here described.
CHAP. XIII. The iudgement of Ammianus Marcellinus as touching the condition of the Romane Empire in those dayes. The corpes of Iulian was enterred in a Suburbian place neere Tarsus. The armie commeth to Antioch, where are seene many and dread∣full sights: and namely a Comet, as touching the reason and nature whereof there is put downe a natu∣rall discourse.
CHAP. XIIII. Iovianus commeth to Tarsus, and being departed from thence, establisheth his imperiall dignitie by all the meanes he can: But within a while after, when he was come as far as to the confines of Galatia and Bithynia, hee was in the night found dead. His vertues and vices are briefly touched.
THE XXVI. BOOKE.
CHAP. I. When Iovianus was dead, Valentinian was elected Emperour.
CHAP. II. A discourse and speculative consideration as touching the Bissextile or odde day of the Leape yeare, so precisely observed by Valentinian.
CHAP. III. Valentinian before the whole armie is pronounced soveraigne ruler of the Empire, whiles some can hardly brooke it, whom he in a grave Oration rebuketh and represseth.
CHAP. IIII. Apronianus P••fect or Governour of Rome, putteth Poysoners and Sorcerers to death.
CHAP. v. Valentinian taketh unto him to be Colleague in the Empire, his brother Valens: and when he was come to Constantinople pronounceth him Augustus. Through∣out the whole Roman world there be troubles and commoti∣ons of the people, which the Emperours ende∣vour to quench.
CHAP. VI. Whiles Valentinian intendeth to make warre upon the Alemans, Procopius in the East parts aspireth to be Emperour: Whereupon Valentinian was busied with new cares.
CHAP. VII. What this Procopius was, and by what devises and policies he went about to usurpe the Empire.
CHAP. VIII. Whiles Valens is farre removed by occasion of warre against the Gothes, Procopius putting forward his intended businesse, is by tumultuarie acclama∣tions saluted Emperour.
CHAP. IX. Valens hearing of this bold action of Procopius, chaungeth his purpose: Procopius by sundry craftie devices, and in the end by an armie levied and assem∣bled, provideth for himselfe.
CHAP. X. The legions armed against Procopius, and readie to fight, through his seditious words as it were, enchaunted and bewitched, are wrought against Valens and Valentinian, and acknowledge Procopius for Emperour. After this he gaineth to his side Nicea and Bithynia. Valens having escaped extre∣mitie of danger, by his best and most select cap∣tains encountreth the rebels.
CHAP. XI Procopius besiegeth Cyzicum, and by the good service of Alison a Tribune win∣neth it by force, as also by keeping in most strait ward Serenianus the Prefect, sent unto Nicea. Which done, bearing and vaun∣ting himselfe over high, he neglecteth the op∣portunitie of his affaires.
CHAP. XII. Valens using the service of Arbetio an old experienced captaine, draweth unto him many of Procopius his footmen and horsemen both: At length Procopius himself bound in chaines by his owne men, and brought unto Valens, had his head stricken off, and so buried quite the troubles of a civile war which was begun.
CHAP. XIII. Marcellus captaine of Nicea, after that Serenianus was slaine, and Chalcedonpos∣sessed, taketh upon him the shaddow of a deadly and wofull Emperour: but within a little after is suppressed. Then was there cruell proceeding against the complices of Procopius and Marcellus, and that beyond all measure: for which Valens, an implacable man, whose greatest fault it was, deserved blame: whose crueltie here is described.
CHAP. XIIII. Fearefull tremblings or quakings of the earth at one and the same time throughout the whole earth.
THE XXVII. BOOKE.
CHAP. 1. As the Alemans make new preparation for wars, Carietto and Serenianus encounter them with a power of armed men: And when both of them were slaine in fight, Iovinus a brave captaine gave the Alemans, leaping for joy of victorie, three battailes. Valens sendeth over the head of Procopius unto Valentinian ly∣ing at Paris.
CHAP. II. A portenteous prodigie seene in the town Pistoriensis, presaging bloudie seditions, as Rome especially, and that among the Christians, for the strife and conten∣tion of Damasus and Vrsicinus about the bishopricke.
CHAP. III. Ammianus Marcellinus going about to describe the Gothes warre, first of all pre∣senteth unto us the limits, the auncient nations, provinces, and princi∣pall cities in his time of Thracia.
CHAP. IIII. Valens reiecting the frivolous excuse of the Gothes, who had maintained Procopius and his side, passed over Hister, and meeting none to make resistance, returneth with his forces. The warre being in the yeres ensuing renewed, at length the Gothes by the intercession of Athanaricus obtaine peace; and Valens goeth backe to Constantinople.
CHAP. V. Whiles Valentinian lyeth sicke of a grievous disease, certaine of the principall officers and rulers lay their heads together, about chusing Rusticus Iulianus, Master of the Rolles, or Severus, Colonell of the footmen, to be Emperour. But the said Empe∣rour recovering, declareth Gratianus his son for his Colleague and Augustus both, after he had in a grave oration recommended him unto the armie, which generally accepted of him: and when he was adorned with a coronet and imperiall robes, exhorteth him to doe his devoire, with the exceeding applause of them all.
CHAP. VI. Valentinian letting slacke the reines of anger, cruelly fareth and rageth against ma∣ny innocent persons, notwithstanding that Eupraxius and Florentius opposed themselves.
CHAP. VII. The warre in Britannie happily atchieved by Theodosius a most valiant leader, after he had repressed the Picts, Saxons, and other enemies.
CHAP. VIII. The most miserable state of Africke under Romanus the Lieutenant (without the know∣ledge of Valentinian) whose cowardise and crueltie Ammianus Marcellinus taxeth. The rovers and robbers out of Isauria are repressed. Praetextatus Prafect of Rome, a righteous and wiseman, is put downe for the patterne of an excellent magistrate.
CHAP. IX. The expedition of Valentinian and Gratian against the Alemans in battaile discomfited and put to flight with a great overthrow.
CHAP. X. Probus, Pretorio Prefectus, or L. chiefe Iustice, a most cunning and experi∣enced Courtier, is here lively depainted.
CHAP. XI. Sapor King of the Persians invadeth Armenia. King Arsaces he taketh prisoner, and after dolorous torments killeth him: And whiles he goeth about to murder and make away his wife and son, there fall out some ac∣cidents, which were the seeds of a new warre betweene Romans and Persians.
CHAP. XII. After that the widow of Arsaces was taken prisoner, and her sonne by cursed devi∣ces reconciled unto Sapor, the Romanes helpe the Armenians: where∣upon the king of the Persians addresseth himselfe to warre upon the Romanes.
THE XXVIII. BOOKE.
CHAP. I. The most miserable state of Rome citie under Maximinus the Praefect, whose parentage and rising is described.
CHAP. II. The beginning of Maximinus his crueltie. His Patron, and his complices. Without any words of vulgar persons, mention is made of the punishments infli∣cted upon Marinus, Cethegus, and Alypius.
CHAP. III. The narration of Hymetius his case. The crueltie of Maximinus repressed for a time, is more hotly enkindled against Lollianus, Clarita, Flaviana, Pafi∣us, Cornelius, Sericus, Asbolius, Campensis, and Aginatius.
CHAP. IIII. The detestable sleights and practises of Maximinus, that he might continue still in that butcherly execution of his, now being created Prefectus Pretorio. Di∣vers successors after him in the Prefectship of the citie; the last of whom exceedeth the crueltie of Maximinus.
CHAP. V. The horrible death of Hesychia a Matron. The tragicall historie of Fausiana, the blou∣die Catastrophe whereof is acted by Aginatius and Anepsia, married folke, put to death at the commaundement of Maximinus. The iust iudgement of the almightie powers in punishing Maximinus and other bloudie butchers.
CHAP. VI. Valentinian goeth about to bridle the rodes and invasions of the Alemans: and they having sued for peace, but not obtained it, set upon the Romanes at un∣awares, and kill two of their martiall leaders.
CHAP. VII. Gaule is infested by robbers, and Constantianus Tribune of the stable slaine. The Maratocupreni, other brigands, play their theevish parts in Syria. The Saxons likewise in Britanie are repressed by Theodosius, who is created Generall of the horsemen.
CHAP. VIII. A returne to the citie affaires. The Prefectship or governement of Olybrius and Ampelius. The most corrupt state of Rome in those dayes. The errours and delinquencies of the Nobilitie.
CHAP. IX. The reproches of Senatours and gowned men layd open.
CHAP. X. The slouth, vanitie, and base behaviour of the common people.
CHAP. XI. The warre against the Saxons, daunted with the very sight and presence of the Romane souldiors, afterwards by a wile enclosed, and bewed in pieces every one.
CHAP. XII. Valentinian setteth the Burgundians upon the Alemans, who being gone forward as farre as to the bankes of Rhene, and finding no helpe of Roman succours, re∣turne into their native countrey: But Theodosius setting up∣on the Alemans dispersed in Rhetia, partly killeth them, and partly sendeth them into Italy for to dwell about the Po.
CHAP. XIII. The mournfull and heavie plight of Tripolis a Province in Affricke, is here lively described.
CHAP. XIIII. The Court-like practises of Romanus, Prefect of the Province, of Palladius and others, to worke the destruction of the Tripolitanes.
CHAP. XV. The iustice of God calleth for due revenge of these most wicked and ungracious men.
THE XXIX. BOOKE.
CHAP. I. After some light skirmishes, there was a truce agreed upon with Sapor. The court of Valens is disquieted with new troubles, by occasion of intelli∣gence given by Palladius. Whiles Valens was alive, inqui∣sition was made in certaine praesages as touching a successor in the Empire.
CHAP. II. An infinit number of men apprehended for the said crime: First Theodo∣rus as the head of all. What was done in this businesse through∣out by Valens and his ministers, and with what affection of mind.
CHAP. III. Pergamius is put to death. Salia sodainly perisheth. Patricius and Hila∣rius reveale the whole order of the presages and cur∣sed Divination.
CHAP. IIII. When Theodorus, Eusebius, and Pasiphilus were diligently examined, Simonides the Philosopher, after execution of an infinit number, was burnt to ashes. After whom, follow Maximus and Diogenes, when Alypius and Hierocles his sonne were sundrie wayes man∣gled and tormented.
CHAP. V. The most wicked and abhominable practises of Palladius, the worker of all these so many troubles and calamities, to put oyle into the fire. The wittie wyles also and craf∣tie fetches of Heliodorus, who together with Palladius framed all these mischiefes, are described: whereupon ensue new tragoedies.
CHAP. VI. Eusebius and Hypatius, two brethren and Consuls, through the slie devices of Heliodorus fall into divers dangers, and are commaunded with their personall presence to countenance and honour the fu∣nerals of Heliodorus.
CHAP. VII. The unrighteous clemencie of Valens, faring cruelly as he did against offendors and innocent persons alike, to Pollentianus an impious wretch, and guiltie of treason. The iudgement and revenge of God in so many massa∣cres. Festinus Proconsull of Asia, following the steps of Maximinus (of whom mention is made in the 28. booke) cruelly proceedeth against those in Asia.
CHAP. VIII. Ammianus Marcellinus turning his pen to the state of the West Empire, rehearseth cer∣taine cruell proceedings of Valentinian, made more fell by Maximinus Prefect of the Pretorium.
CHAP. IX. Valentinian raiseth warre upon Macrianus king of the Alemans, and without ef∣fect returneth to Triers. After this he causeth Hortarius a pettie king to be burned for treason.
CHAP. X. Firmus a prince of Mauritania raiseth troubles and commotions, which Theodosius Generall of the Horsemen endevoureth to appease.
CHAP. XI. Through the trecherous and deceitfull dealing of Firmus, it came to passe, that upon a battaile fought, wherein the Barbarians were discomfited, Firmus in the end was glad to crave peace and pardon: which being obtai∣ned, Theodosius repaireth Caesarea.
CHAP. XII. Firmus starting from his promised allegeance, forceth Theodosius to take armes. Cer∣taine horsemen of the Romanes, who had revolted to the rebels, are thrust downe to the lowest degree of warre-service. Afterwards Theodosius executeth others with losse of their heads. And then, by occasion that the enemies were with many overthrowes brought upon their knees, and weakened, he politikely delive∣reth out of daunger a small companie of his owne men.
CHAP. XIII. Theodosius by a wise policie and militarie holding off assailing his enemies, forceth Fir∣mus by flight to shift for himselfe, abandoning his campe that was ransacked: follow∣loweth him in chase: and when he had vanquished the Isaflenses, who recei∣ved and harboured him, and put certaine of the principall ene∣mies to death, bestoweth his owne peo∣ple in safetie.
CHAP. XIIII. When Firmus was returned to the Isaflenses, Theodosius goeth to meet him, and with a small power setteth upon the enemies: and in the end, after a doubtfull battaile, discomfiteth and foileth them. Which done, he so courseth the Isaflen∣ses, that Firmus in despaire of himselfe, endeth his life with an halter: whereby the Province recovered quietnesse.
CHAP. XV. Valentinian warreth upon the Quadi: whose king Gabinius is by the wicked plots of Maximinus murthered.
CHAP. XVI. Probus, Praefect of the Praetorium, a base minded man, is not able to abide the violence of the Quadi. Two Legions are put to the sword. Theodosius the younger, Emperour afterwards, a young gentleman of most approved valour, valiantly represseth the Sarmatians, making a tumultuous broile. The inundation of Tiberis, resembling so many deluges.
THE XXX. BOOKE.
CHAP. 1. Para King of Armenia taken by a wile, and wrongfully detained by Va∣lens, wittily maketh meanes to escape.
CHAP. II. The same king is by a new plat of deceitfull treacherie set upon at a feast, and by the commaundement of Valens murdered.
CHAP. III. The Embassages of Sapor and Valens that tooke no effect. The horrible death of Remigius, who had acted not the least part in the Tragoedie of Tri∣polis, described in the 29. booke.
CHAP. IIII. Valentinian making hast at an unseasonable time against the Illyrians, is drawne backe. An amitie is concluded and established with Ma∣crianus king of the Alemans: and then returneth the Emperour to Triers.
CHAP. V. The lament able plight of the East Provinces under Valens deceived by his Courtiers, and making much of these frapling Lawyers and petie-foggers. Whereunto is set in opposition the felicitie of former ages.
CHAP. VI. A little table representing to the life these ravenous Harpyes, and a sor∣ting or division of them into certaine formes or rankes.
CHAP. VII. The last sort of them that uphold this profession of Lawyers, impudent, froward, wil∣full, and unlearned, is here in lively colours depainted.
CHAP. VIII. Valentinian going to the Sarmatians and Illyrians, neglecteth those things that belong to his charge, giveth no audience to the complaints of the Provinciall inhabitants, neither duly chastiseth the Praefects and Governours, who a long while abuse their publicke authoritie.
CHAP. IX. Valentinian invadeth and warreth upon the Quadi. He is terrified with many strange sights, denouncing his end: He receiveth the Quades embassadours, and at a speech of theirs is so forcibly strucken, that with the losse of his voice, having a dead sweat comming all over him, he died with∣in a while after.
CHAP. X. The birth and rising of Valentinian: His growth and progresse: His acts and whole course of life briefly run over.
CHAP. XI. His vices are at large described.
CHAP. XII. His vertues. The personall presence and feature of his bodie, and his funerall. His sonne Valentinian a child foure yeares old, is admitted to the Empire, and in the ab∣sence of Gratian his brother, who afterwards loved and brought him up, styled Augustus.
THE XXXI. BOOKE.
CHAP. I. Praesaging signes and prodigious sights in the East, portending hurt unto Valens. The originall cause of his destruction, and of divers calamities. The nation of the Hunnes exactly described.
CHAP. II. The Massagets, Neuri, Vidini, Geloni, Agathyrsi, Melanchlaenae, Anthropophagi, and Alani, who they were, and their manners.
CHAP. III. Sundrie nations of the Gothes, through the puissance of the Hunnes partly vanquished and driven out of their native habitations, and partly smitten withfeare, having seized the bankes of Da∣nubius, crave ayd of Valens, and quiet habitation.
CHAP. IIII. Parts of Thracia are graunted unto infinite troupes of the Gothes to be inhabited.
CHAP. V. The avarice and most cruell pride of some Praefects or Rulers of Thracia. Also the wic∣ked trecherie and bloudie butcherie of Lupicinus, drive the Gothes to take armes, for to warre upon the Romanes.
CHAP. VI. Lupicinus in arash braid encountring the Gothes, after the losse of his Tribunes and many souldiors, flyeth. An hystoricall narration of Marcellinus, as touching these forraine and new upstart nations, which in former ages grievously afflicted sundrie parts of the world.
CHAP. VII. Other petie Princes and nations of the Gothes, commaunded to passe over into Helle∣spontus, and wrongfully misused, ioyne with others that were alreadie ar∣med, and afterwards west and spoyle Thracia.
CHAP. VIII. Valens distracted with manifold cares, sendeth an armie into Thracia. The Gothes and the Romans strike a battaile. The victorie not without sweat, bloud, and teares, falleth to the Romans.
CHAP. IX. The Gothes having taken in the Hunnes and Alanes to the societie of their bootie, with horrible slaughter and spoile wast Thracia, and in vaine lay siege to the towne Dibal∣tum. As they pursue Frigeridus, a most puissant warriour and leader, they are terrified with a new overthrow: and Frigeridus having taken many of them, confineth them about Mutina, Rhegium, and Parma, there to till the grounds.
CHAP. X. The Lentienses, a people of Alemaine, with a mightie armie break into the Roman Seigni∣ories. In this battaile Gratian hath the upper hand, and few remained alive, such as escaped by flight, who being coursed in the mountaines, make hum∣ble supplication and obtaine peace, and are suffered without any harme to goe into their na∣tive countries.
CHAP. XI. The commendation of Gratian. Frigeridus a most excellent Captaine, and the terrour of the Gothes, is unseasonably called backe by Valens, who lea∣deth a strong armie against the Gothes, who neere unto the ri∣ver Hebrus were grievously discomfited and de∣feated by Sebastian Colonell of the Infanterie.
CHAP. XII. Valens who envied the vertues of Gratian, bringing with him many bands of old expe∣rienced and select souldiors, without expecting any aid, but in his owne pride pricked forward by the foolish words of flatterers, and a certaine mis∣chievous destinie, hasteneth to encounter the Gothes: and when their embassadours treated about conditions of peace, sent them away without effect.
CHAP. XIII. Fritigernus the principall leader of the Gothes, requireth to have host ages given on both sides, that with more safetie there might be a treatie of peace, but by the unrea∣sonable and hurtfull endevour of some Romanes they betake them∣selves againe to armes.
CHAP. XIIII. The armies of the Gothes and Romanes embattailed, and their most sharpe conflict: At length the Romanes are put to flight. As touching the death of Valens a two∣fold opinion: while some thinke he was killed with an arrow, and ne∣ver after seene: others, that he was consumed with fire.
CHAP. XV. The vertues and vices of Valens. The end of his life, and the place where he pe∣rished fore-signified by the Oracle.
CHAP. XVI. The Gothes after this victorie besiege Hadrianopolis, but take the repulse, and many of them in the assault were slaine.
CHAP. XVII. Having left Hadrianopolis, they gave the attempt of Perinthus and Constantinople: but by sundrie calamities daunted, they invade the Northerne Provinces. They that seized upon Thracia, by the meanes of Iulius, Colonell of the Footmen, in one and the selfe same day, as if a sig∣nall haa beene given, were all murthered: and so the Provinces of the East are deli∣vered from dangers.
annotations
¶ Annotations and Conjectures upon the 14. Booke of Ammianus Marcellinus.
Annotations and coniectures upon the 15. Booke.
Annotations and conjectures upon the 16. Booke.
Annotations and conjectures upon the seventeenth Booke.
Annotations and conjectures upon the eighteenth Booke.
Annotations and conjectures upon the 19 Booke.
Annotations and conjectures upon the 20. Booke.
Annotations and conjectures upon the 21. Booke.
Annotations and conjectures upon the 22. Booke.
Annotations and conjectures upon the 23. Booke.
Annotations and conjectures upon the 2. Booke.
Annotations and conjectures upon the 25. Booke.
Annotations and conjectures upon the 26. Booke.
Annotations and conjectures upon the 27. Booke.
Annotations and conjectures upon the 28. Booke.
Annotations and conjectures upon the 29. Booke.
Annotations and conjectures upon the 30. Booke.
Annotations and conjectures upon the 31. Booke.
▪ The Chronologie to Ammi∣anus Marcellinus, from the beginning of NERVA his Empire, unto the death of VALENS.