The arte of nauigation wherein is contained all the rules, declarations, secretes, & aduises, which for good nauigation are necessarie & ought to be knowen and practised: and are very profitable for all kind of mariners, made by (master Peter de Medina) directed to the right excellent and renowned lord, don Philippe, prince of Spaine, and of both Siciles. And now newely translated out of Spanish into English by John Frampton. 1581.

Title

The arte of nauigation wherein is contained all the rules, declarations, secretes, & aduises, which for good nauigation are necessarie & ought to be knowen and practised: and are very profitable for all kind of mariners, made by (master Peter de Medina) directed to the right excellent and renowned lord, don Philippe, prince of Spaine, and of both Siciles. And now newely translated out of Spanish into English by John Frampton. 1581.

Author

Medina, Pedro de, 1493?-1567?

Publication

Imprinted at London :: By Thomas Dawson, dwelling at the three Cranes in the Vinetree, and are there to be solde,

[1581]

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Subject terms

Navigation -- Early works to 1800.

Link to this Item

https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A07388.0001.001 content_copy

Cite this Item

"The arte of nauigation wherein is contained all the rules, declarations, secretes, & aduises, which for good nauigation are necessarie & ought to be knowen and practised: and are very profitable for all kind of mariners, made by (master Peter de Medina) directed to the right excellent and renowned lord, don Philippe, prince of Spaine, and of both Siciles. And now newely translated out of Spanish into English by John Frampton. 1581." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A07388.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed May 8, 2024. content_copy

Contents

• title page
• translator's dedication
• THE EPISTLE DEDICATORIE TO THE right excellent and renowmed Lorde, Don Phillip Prince of Spaine, and of both Siciles, &c. Set foorth by Maister Peter de Medina, the Authour of the Arte of Nauigation.
• ❧A preamble of the authour vpon the Arte of Nauigation, wherein is declared the great excellencie of the said arte.
• Errours escaped.
• ¶The table of the bookes and Chapters that are conteyned in the Arte of Nauigation.
• ¶The first booke of the world, his order and Composition.
  • THe first chapter, what thing the world is, how it is compounded of heauens and ele∣ments, the number of the heauens are declared and there moouings.
  • The second chapter wherein is declared, the three moouings which the eyght hea∣uen hath and howe they are knowne.
  • The thyrde Chapter howe the heauen hath a rounde figure and of fiue rea∣sons whereby it was conuenient should be so.
  • The fourth Chapter, of the noblenesse of the Heauen, and of his cou∣lour.
  • The fifth chapter of the tenne cal∣led the first moueable and of his moo∣uing.
  • The sixthe chapter of the nienth hea∣uen, called Christaline or heauen of water, it is declared howe there is a heauen of water, and of what qua∣litie it is of.
  • The seauenth Chapter of the eyght heauen, which is the firmament or starry heauen, and of the light of the starres, and of their greatnes.
  • The eyght Chapter, howe it is vnderstoode, that the Sunne doth enter into the signes, and wherefore the signes haue the names of beastes.
  • The nienth Chapter what a signe is, and what likenes it hath with that whervnto it is compared, and what day of the yeere the Sunne entreth into euery signe.
  • The tenth Chapter, of the seauen heauens, of the planets, and their moouings, and how they haue impression, and cause generati∣on and corruption in the inferiour bo∣dies.
  • The eleuenth Chapter, of the Region ele∣mentall, and howe it is diuided into four elementes, and why it is not diuided in∣to any more or lesse.
  • The twelfth chapter howe the elementes, doe compasse about one another, and wherefore the water doeth not couer all the earth.
  • The thirteenth Chapter, how the earth and the Water, both Elementes, make one round bodie.
  • The fourteenth chapter, Howe the earth is scituated in the middest of worlde.
  • The fiftenth Chapter, how the earth is quiet and mooueth not.
  • The sixteenth Chapter of the center of the earth, and howe it may be sayd that the earth is the center of the world.
• ¶The seconde Booke of the Sea, and of his moouinges, and howe the Nauigation was inuented.
  • The first Chapter what thing the Sea is, and wherefore it is called Occean.
  • The 2. Chapter how the sea apperteineth to the perfection of the world, and without her the world woulde perish, and howe the water is ingendered in her.
  • The third Chapter, wherfore the water of the Sea is salt, and wherefore it is most conuenient and better for the Nauiga∣tion.
  • The fourth Chapter of the different moo∣uinges which the Occean sea hath.
  • The fyfth Chapter wherefore the Sea ne∣uer ouerfloweth, nor is augmented nor made greater.
  • The sixth Chapter of the excellencie of the Naugatiō, and of the antiquitie therof.
  • The 7. chapter how by some signes of the sun & of the moone may be known whē stormes wil come.
    • The signes of the Sunne.
    • The signes of the Moone.
  • The eyght Chapter of the fires and lightes, which doe appeare in shippes that doe sayle when there is torment or tempest in the Sea.
  • The nienth chapter of other certaine signes, wherein shall be knowne when stormes will come in the sea.
• ¶The third booke of the VVindes, and their quallities, and names, and how one should sayle with them.
  • The first chapter what thing the winde is, and what quallitie it is of, and howe it ingen∣dreth.
  • The 2. Chapter, how the wind moueth not right from aboue downward: nor con∣trarywise, but his mouing is in circle of water and earth.
  • The 3. Chapter, wherefore the wynde is not alwayes alike: but at sometime blow∣eth harde, and at other times calme: and wherefore it moueth to his opposite.
  • The 4. chapter, of the whirling of the winde, and how it is caused.
  • The fifth chapter, of the windes, of the cardes of nauigation, of their number, & names.
  • The sixt chapter, how the windes of the cardes whereby the saylers doe sayle doe girde or compasse about the roundnesse of the worlde for to sayle by them.
  • The seuenth chapter, of the order of the Cardes of Nauigation.
  • The eight Chapter, of the account which the pilot ought to haue in his waye when hee sayleth with a winde different to his course.
  • The nienth Chapter, how the pilot shal cer∣teinly knowe sayling by any manner of course where the Meridian is.
    • illustrations
      • The Nauigation by those courses Colaterales from the North to the South.
      • The Nauigation by those courses Colaterales from the South to the North.
    • A Table of the nauigation from the north to the south, or from the south to the north.
    • illustrations
      • ¶The Nauigation by the courses Colaterales from the east to the west.
      • The Nauigation by the courses Colaterales from the west to the east.
    • A Table of the nauigation from the East to the West, or to the contrary
  • The tenth Chapter, wherein is declared, more of this rule before written.
  • The eleuenth chapter, how the Pilot ought to choose the course which is conuenient according to the place hee mindeth to saile vnto.
  • The twelfth chapter, how you should prick your carde to know the place, wherein the shippe is.
  • The 13. chapter, howe the Pilot ought to looke that his carde be iust & certeine that there be no errour in his nauigati∣on.
  • The fourteenth Chapter, of the number of the Leagues, which are reckoned for a de∣gree in euery course of the nauigation.
    • The Equinoctiall line.

• ¶The fourth booke of the height or altitude of the Sunne, and how the nauigation ought to be ruled thereby.
  • The first Chapter, wherein are declared 17. Fundamentall principles, which ought to be knowen in the Altitude of the Sunne.
  • The second Chapter, of the excellencies of the sunne, and of his moouings.
  • The thirde Chapter, of the yeere called Solar, & other manner of yeeres, & how the leape yeere is reckoned.
  • The fourth Chapter, what thing a sha∣dow is, & how the shadow which the sunne maketh ought to be looked on, for to take his altitude.
    • VVhen the Sunne is towardes the north.
    • When the Sunne is in the Equi∣noctiall Line.
    • When the Sunne is towardes the south.
  • The fifth chapter, wherein is declared what thing the height of the sunne is, and how it ought to bee taken to knowe the place where a man is.
    • The first rule, when the Sunne goeth tow∣arde the parte of the north, and the sha∣dowes goes towardes the north.
      • An Example.
    • The seconde rule, that when the sunne is towardes the North, and the shadowes towardes the South, the declination and altitude are more then nientie de∣grees.
      • An Example.
    • The third rule, when the sunne is towardes the North, and the shadowes towardes the South, and the declination, and alti∣tude, are nienety degrees iust.
      • An Example.
    • The fourth rule when the sunne is tow∣ardes the North, & the shadowes tow∣ardes the south, and the altitude and de∣clination doe not amounte to nienetie degrees.
      • An Example.
    • The fifth rule, when the sunne is in the E∣quinoctiall, and you take his altitude in lesse then ninetie degrees.
      • An Example.
    • The sixt rule, when the altitude is taken in nientie degrees, whether in the sunne be a declination o no.
    • The seuenth rule, when the sunne is towards the part of the South, and the shadowes goe likewise towards the South.
      • An Example.
    • The eyght rule, when the sunne is towardes the nouth, and the shadowes towardes the orth, and the declination and altitude are more then ninetie degrees.
      • An Example.
    • The nienth rule, when the Sunne is at the south, and the shadowes at north, and the altitude and declination are nientie degrees iust.
      • An example.
    • The tenth rule, when the Sunne is towardes the South, and the shadowes towardes the North, if the Altitude and declina∣tion beeing ioyned, they come not to nientie degrees.
      • An Example.
  • The sixt chapter, wherefore the rules of the height of the sunne doe shewe the degrees that a man is distant of the equinoctiall line more then by any other parte.
  • The seuenth chapter, by what reason al rules of the altitude of the sunne are reduced to nienty degrees, more then to any other number.
  • The eight Chapter, wherein is declared wherefore we saie, that the man is distant of the sunne, the degrees that he taketh in the Astrolabio lesse then nientie.
  • The nienth Chapter, wherein is declared, howe it is vnderstoode, that a man hath the Sunne right ouer his head.
    • A doubt.
    • A declaration.
  • The tenth Chapter, to knowe howe the alti∣tude of the Sunne ought to be seen if it be leape yere, or what yere it is.
    • A rule to knowe the leape yere.
    • The tables of the distance or declination which the Sunne maketh from the equinoctiall line euery day of the foure yeres, aswell towardes the part of the north as towardes the south.
      • table
    • ¶A Rule to knowe the Dominicall letter euery yeere.
  • The eleuenth Chapter, wherein is declared howeby the Calender before written, a man may know the moneth, and the day wherein he is.
• ¶The fifth booke of the Altitude of the Poles.
  • The first Chapter, what thing a pole is, and how betweene the two poles the roundnesse of the worlde is deuided.
  • The seconde chapter, how the altitude of o the pole Articke is to be taken, and of the effect wherefore he is taken.
  • The thirde Chapter, howe the reckoning whiche is taken of the height of the pole articke or North is, to bee vn∣derstood.
  • The fourth Chapter, of the North starre, and of the guardes of his moouing.
  • The fifth Chapter, howe that according to the course wherein the guardes are, is knowen howe many degrees the north starre is vnder or aboue the pole.
    • section
  • The sixt Chapter, howe the rules of the alti∣tude of the North starre ought to be ap∣plied, and howe they ought to be put to, or taken away, according to the place where the guardes are.
    • Example.
  • The seuenth Chapter, wherein be declared certain doubts that in this mouing of the north starre may be had.
  • The eight Chapter, howe the altitude of the North, is to be taken, although the guards be not seene.
  • The nienth Chapter, how the altitude of the North, is to be taken, although the Hori∣zon be not seene.
  • The tenth chapter, of a clocke by the north starre whereby may bee knowne what houre of the night it is, in any anner of time and place that a man is in.
  • The eleuenth Chapter, how the altitude of the pole, antarticke is to be taken.
    • An Example.
• ❧The sixt booke, of the Compasses to sayle by.
  • The first Chapter, of the Compasses to sayle by, and of the defectes which they may haue, and how they may be amended.
  • The seconde Chapter, how the windes of the Compasse ought to bee vnder∣stood, and how the sunne passeth eue∣ry day by them.
    • An example.
  • The thirde chapter, wherein is declared, the opinion that is had in the northeasting, and northwesting of the compasses.
  • The fourth Chapter, of the inconueni∣ences, which may followe by the Northeasting, and Norwesting of the Compasses.
  • The fifth Chapter, of the allowance, which the Compasses haue, and howe it ought not to be geuen them.
  • The sixt Chapter, of an instrument, with the which the Compasses may bee mar∣ked, and knowne if they bee certayne and true.
• ¶The seuenth booke of the Moone, and how her ebbings and flowinges doe serue in the Nauigation.
  • The first Chapter, what thinge the moone is, and wherefore her light is not equall, but alwayes increaseth or diminisheth.
  • The seconde Chapter, of the Golden num∣ber, & how it is to be reckoned from one to nienteene, and wherefore no more nor lesse.
    • ❧A Rule to knowe the Golden number of euerie yeere.
  • The thirde Chapter, wherein is de∣clared the day and houre, wherein the Moone maketh coniunction in euerye Moneth of the yeere for euer.
    • table
  • The fourth Chapter, of a shorte account or recko∣ning to knowe without the booke briefly the dayes whiche the moone hath in any mooneth of the yeere.
    • An Example.
    • In the yeere of 1545. we haue seuenteene of concurrent, the next yeere following, we haue tweentie eight, and so reckoning in e∣uery yeere one house of these and it serueth for euer.
  • The fifth Chapter, how by the dayes of the Moone, and the course where the Sunne will bee, shalbee knowen at what houre the tyde will come euery day.
  • The sixte Chapter, wherein is declared more at large, the aforesaide Chapter, with a demonstration.
  • The seuenth Chapter, howe by the houre wherein the coniunction was, the tyde may be knowen, and the allowance that ought to be giuen to the riuers.
• ❧The eight booke of the dayes of the yeere.
  • The first Chapter, what thing a day is, and howe it is reckoned, and in howe manye partes it is deuided.
  • The second Chapter, howe in the artifici∣all day the Sunne riseth and setteth, differently to suche as inhabite in the worlde.
  • The third Chapter, howe that vnder the E∣quinoctiall, the dayes and nightes are al∣wayes equall.
    • A declaration.
  • The fourth Chapter, howe the dayes and the nightes goe alwayes increasing or di∣minishing vnto such as inhabite foorth of the Equinoctiall.
  • The fifth Chapter, how the increasing and diminishing of the day is not in all parts alike.
    • A Table of the houres, and minutes which the greatest day of the yeere hath, to such as inhabite in any manner of distance of the Equinoctiall.
  • The sixt Chapter, of the houres, pointes or minutes, that euery day of the yeere hath in the altitude of fortie degrees.
  • The seuenth Chapter, of the houre, and point which the sunne riseth, and setteth in eue∣ry one day of the yere.
    • An example.
  • The eyght Chapter, howe the sunne giueth his light at equal time of the yeere to such as inhabite in the worlde.
• colophon