The merchants map of commerce wherein the universal manner and matter relating to trade and merchandize are fully treated of, the standard and current coins of most princes and republicks observ'd, the real and imaginary coins of accounts and exchanges express'd, the natural products and artificial commodities and manufactures for transportation declar'd, the weights and measures of all eminent cities and towns of traffick in the universe, collected one into another, and all reduc'd to the meridian of commerce practis'd in the famous city of London / by Lewis Roberts, merchant.

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Author:	Roberts, Lewes, 1596-1640.
Title:	The merchants map of commerce wherein the universal manner and matter relating to trade and merchandize are fully treated of, the standard and current coins of most princes and republicks observ'd, the real and imaginary coins of accounts and exchanges express'd, the natural products and artificial commodities and manufactures for transportation declar'd, the weights and measures of all eminent cities and towns of traffick in the universe, collected one into another, and all reduc'd to the meridian of commerce practis'd in the famous city of London / by Lewis Roberts, merchant.
Print source:	The merchants map of commerce wherein the universal manner and matter relating to trade and merchandize are fully treated of, the standard and current coins of most princes and republicks observ'd, the real and imaginary coins of accounts and exchanges express'd, the natural products and artificial commodities and manufactures for transportation declar'd, the weights and measures of all eminent cities and towns of traffick in the universe, collected one into another, and all reduc'd to the meridian of commerce practis'd in the famous city of London / by Lewis Roberts, merchant. Roberts, Lewes, 1596-1640., Mun, Thomas, 1571-1641., Marius, John. London: Printed for Thomas Horne ..., 1700.
Notes:	"An alphabetical table ..." [i.e. index]: p. [2]-[16] following p. 431. Marginal notes. Advertisement: p. [1] at end. "Advice concerning bills of exchange" and "England's benefit and advantage by foreign trade" have separate title pages. Reproduction of original in Huntington Library.
Subject terms:	Weights and measures -- Early works to 1800. Coinage -- Early works to 1800. Exchange -- Early works to 1800. Balance of trade -- Early works to 1800. Great Britain -- Commerce.
URL:	https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A57390.0001.001
How to cite:	For suggestions on citing this text, please see Citing the TCP on the Text Creation Partnership website.

Table of Contents

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title page

THE AUTHORS EPISTLE Dedicated to the MERCHANTS of ENGLAND in general, Giving a prospect of the ensuing Work.

part

CHAP. I. The Description of Countries conducible to the Description of Cities and Towns of Traffick.

CHAP. II. Of the Art of Merchandizing, and the General Parts thereof.

CHAP. III. Of Cities and Towns of Trade in general, mentioned in this MAP OF COMMERCE.

CHAP. IV. Of Customs, Impositions, and other Duties in general, paid by Merchants upon Commodities in all Cities of Trade.

CHAP. V. Of the Monies and Coins of sundry Countries, used in general in the Traffick of Merchandize.

CHAP. VI. Of Weights in general used in Merchandizing, and mentioned in this MAP of COMMERCE.

CHAP. VII. Of Accounts and Account-keeping in general, observed in this MAP of COMMERCE.

CHAP. VIII. Of Measures in general used in Merchandizing, and comprehended in this MAP of COMMERCE.

CHAP. IX. Of Commodities in general used by the way of Merchandize, and of the knowledg thereof.

CAAP. X. Of Exchanges in general, used by Merchants in this MAP of COMMERCE.

section

The Office of Garbling.

What Garbling is.

The Oath of the Servants, or Work-men of the Garbler of Spices, Wares, and Merchandizes within the City of London.

The accustomed and usual Rates of all Spices and Drugs Garbleable.

The Use of the Alnegers Office.

The Antiquity of the Alneger.

Grains, Roman Foot and Denarius

conclusion

OF AMERICA AND THE PROVINCES THEREOF.

CHAP. XI.

CHAP. XII. Of MEXICANA, and the Provinces thereof.

section

CHAP. XIII. Of Peruana, and the Provinces thereof.

OF AFRICA, AND THE Provinces and Cities of Trade THEREOF.

CHAP. XIV.

CHAP. XV. Of TUNIS, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. XVI. Of ARGIER, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. XVII. Of ORAN, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. XVIII. Of UNA and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. XIX. The Trade in general of ARGIER and TUNIS.

CHAP. XX. Of the Kingdom of FESSE, and the Provinces thereof.

CHAP. XXI. Of the City FESSE, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. XXII. Of the Kingdom of MOROCCO, and the Provinces thereof.

CHAP. XXIII. Of the City MOROCCO, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. XXIV. Of Numidia and Lybia, and the Provinces thereof.

CHAP. XXV. Of NEGRITA, or the Land of Negroes, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. XXVI. Aethiopia Superiour and Inferiour, and the Provinces thereof.

CHAP. XXVII. Of Aethiopia Inferiour, and the Provinces thereof.

CHAP. XXVIII. Of Mosambique, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. XXIX. Of AEGYPT, and the Provinces thereof.

CHAP. XXX. Of ALEXANDRIA, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. XXXI. Of CAIRO and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. XXXII. SUACHEN on the Red-Sea, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. XXXIII. Of SUES, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. XXXIV. Aegypt Weight compared with the Weights of sundry other Countreys.

CHAP. XXXV. Of the Island of Madagascar.

CHAP. XXXVI. Of the Island of Zocotara.

CHAP. XXXVII. Of the Island of Saint Thomas.

CHAP. XXXVIII. Of the Islands of the Canaries, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. XXXIX. Of the Assores, commonly Tercera Islands.

OF ASIA, AND THE Provinces and Cities of Trade THEREOF.

CHAP. XL. Of ASIA, and the Provinces thereof.

CHAP. XLI. Of Anatolia, or Natolia in general.

CHAP. XLII. Of Cilicia, and the Cities thereof.

CHAP. XLIII. Of Pamphilia, Lycia, and Caria.

CHAP. XLIV. Of Ionia, and the Cities thereof.

CHAP. XLV. Of Smyrna, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. XLVI. Of Lydia, Eolis, Phrygia Minor and Major.

CHAP. XLVII. Of Bithinia, and the Cities thereof.

CHAP. XLVIII. Of Bursia in Bithinia, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. XLIX. Of Pontus, and the Cities thereof.

CHAP. L. Of Paphlagonia and Galatia, and the Cities thereof.

CHAP. LI. Of Cappadocia, and the Cities thereof.

CHAP. LII. Of Liconia, Pisidia, and Armenia minor.

CHAP. LIII. Of Trabesond and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. LIV. Of Syria in general, and the parts thereof.

CHAP. LV. Of Phoenicia, and the Cities thereof.

CHAP. LVI. Of Acria, commonly S. John de Acria, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. LVII. Of Sidon and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. LVIII. Of Syrophoenicia and the Cities thereof.

CHAP. LIX. Gf Baruti and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. LX. Of Coelosyria and the Cities thereof

CHAP. LXI. Of Damascus and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. LXVII. Of Aleppo, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. LXIII. Of Tripoli, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. LXIV. Of Palestina and the Cities thereof.

CHAP. LXV. Of Gasa, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. LXVI. Of Tyrus, and the ancient Trade thereof.

CHAP. LXVII. Of Armenia, and the Provinces and Cities thereof.

CHAP. LXVIII. Of Arabia and the Provinces thereof.

CHAP. LXIX. Of Mocha, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. LXX. Of Aden, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP LXXI. Of Assyria, Mesopotamia, and Chaldea, and the Cities thereof.

CHAP LXXII. Of Babylon, now Badgate, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. LXXIII. Of Media, and the Provinces thereof.

CHAP. LXXIV. Of Tauris, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. LXXV. Of Persia, and the Provinces thereof.

CHAP. LXXVI. Of Casbin and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. LXXVII. Of Balsara and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. LXXVIII. Of Casan and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. LXXIX. Of Sciras and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. LXXX. Of Ormus, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. LXXXI. Of HISPAHAN and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. LXXXII. Of the Trade in general of Persia.

CHAP. LXXXIII. Of Tartary and the Provinces thereof.

CHAP. LXXXIV. Of Caffa, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. LXXXV. Of Astracan and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. LXXXVI. Of Zagathai and Cathai, and the Provinces thereof.

CHAP. LXXXVII. Of Cambalu, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. LXXXVIII. Of INDIA, and the Provinces thereof.

CHAP. LXXXIX. Of DIU, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. XC. Of Cambaia, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. XCI. Of GOA, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. XCII. Of the Trade in general practised alongst the Coast of India.

CHAP. XCIII. Of Musulipatan, and the Trade thereof, with the Coast of Chormandel.

CHAP. XCIV. Of Satagan the Metropolis of Bengala, and the Trade of that Coast and the River Ganges.

CHAP. XCV. Of Pegu, and the Coast thereof with the Trade.

CHAP. XCVI. Of Siam, and the Trade of the Coast thereof.

CHAP. XCVII. Of Malacca, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. XCVIII. Of China, and the Provinces thereof.

CHAP. XCIX. Of Maccau, and the Trade thereof.

section

The Weights, Coins, and Measures, in Maccao in China.

The Weights in China, for Gold, Silver, Musk, Ambergreece, &c. are as followeth.

The weights for all gross Goods, or Commodities, go amongst the Portuguez in Macca, by the Denomination of Pecu or Pecul, and Bahar.

CHAP. C. Of the Islands of Asia, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CI. Of the Island of Japan, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CII. Of Zeilan, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CIII. Of the Moluccoes, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CIV. Of Javas, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CV. Of Summatra, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CVI. Of Borneo Island, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CVII. Of Celebs Island, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CVIII. Of Cyprus Island, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CIX. Of the Trade in general of Asia, as it is found at this day.

OF EUROPE, AND THE Provinces and Cities of Trade THEREOF.

CHAP. CX. Of EUROPE the last Division of the World here handled, and the Kingdoms thereof.

CHAP. CXI. Of SPAIN, and the Cities thereof.

CHAP. XCIII. Of SEVIL, and the Trade thereof,

CHAP. CXIII. Of Granado, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CXIV. Of Malaga, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CXV. Of Alicant, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CXVI. Of Madrid in Castile and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CXVII. Of Libon, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CXVIII. Of Valentia, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CXIX. Of Barcelona, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CXX. Of the Weights and Measures of Spain reduced to the English hundred.

CHAP. CXXI. Of the Trade in general of Portugal, and the Kingdom of Spain.

CHAP. CXXII. Of FRANCE, and the Provinces and Cities thereof,

CHAP. CXXIII. Of Tholousa, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CXXIV. Of Burdeaux, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CXXV. Of Rochel, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CXXVI. Of Rouen, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CXXVII. Of Paris and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CXXVIII. Of Lions and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CXXIX. How foreign Measures and Weights are compared with Lions.

CHAP. CXXX. Of Thollon, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CXXXI. Of Marselia, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CXXXII. Of Calais, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CXXXIII. Of Savoy, and the Provinces thereof.

CHAP. CXXXIV. Of Turin, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CXXXV. Of the Trade in general of France.

CHAP. CXXXVI. Of Geneva, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CXXXVII. Of Italy, and the Provinces thereof.

CHAP. CXXXVIII. Of Naples and the Cities thereof.

CHAP. CXXXIX. Of Naples, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CXL. Of Calabria and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CXLI. Of Apulia, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CXLII. Of the Papacy, and the Cities of Trade therein

CHAP. CXLIII. Of Bollonia, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CXLIV. Of Ferrara, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CXLV. Of Modena, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CXLVI. Of Rimno, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CXLVII. Of Ravenna, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CXLVIII. Of Recanti, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CXLIX. Of Ancona, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CL. Of Rome, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CLI. Of the Commonwealth of Venetia, and the Cities of Trade therein.

CHAP. CLII. Of Treviso, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CLIII. Of Padua, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CLIV. Of Vicentia, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CLV. Of Bressia, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CLVI. Of Verona, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CLVII. Of Crema, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CLVIII. Of Venice, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CLIX. Of Florence, and the Cities of that Kingdom.

section

The Estate of the Great Duke of Tuscany, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CLX. Of Florence, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CLXI. Of the dry Measures of several Cities in Italy, with other Cities in the Mediterranean Seas.

CHAP. CLXII. Of Pisa, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CLXIII. Of Siena, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CXLIV. Of the Dukedom of Millan.

CHAP. CXLV. Of Millan, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CLXVI. Of Cremona, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CLXVII. Of Como, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CLXVIII. Of Mantua, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CLXIX. Of Urbin, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CLXX. Of Parma, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CLXXI. Of Placentia, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CLXXII. Of Mirandola, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CLXXIII. Of Legorn, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CLXXIV. Of Genoua, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CLXXV. Of Lucca, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CLXXVI. Of the Weights of Italy reduced to the Weight of London.

CHAP. CLXXVII. Of the Trade in general of Italy.

CHAP. CLXXVIII. Of Flanders, and the Netherlands, or the Seventeen Provinces, and their Cities.

CHAP. CLXXIX. Of Antwerp, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CLXIII. Of Amsterdam, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CLXXXI. Of the Trade in general of Flanders, and of the Netherlands.

CHAP. CLXXXII. Of Germany, and the Provinces thereof.

CHAP. CLXXXIII. Of Emden, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CLXXXIV. Of Breme, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CLXXXV. Of Collen, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CLXXXVI. Of Strasburg, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CLXXXVII. Of Worms, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CLXXXVIII. Of Spiers, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CLXXXIX. Of Heidelberg, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CXC. Of Noremberg, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CXCI. Of Frankfort, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CXCII. Of Zurick, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CXCIII. Of Basil, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CXCIV. Of Ausburg and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CXCV. Of Vienna, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CXCVI. Of Prague, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CXCVII. Of Lipsick, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CXCVIII. Of Wittenberg, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CXCIX. Of Dresden, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CC. Of Brunswick, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CCI. Of Lunenburg, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CCII. Of Friburg, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CCIII. Of Stoad, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CCIV. Of Hamburg and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CCV. Of Lubeck, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CCVI. Of the Coins current in general of Germany.

CHAP. CCVII. The Weights of Germany reduced to the 100 l. of London.

CHAP. CCVIII. Of Measures of Germany reduced to the Measures of London.

CHAP. CCIX. Of the Trade in general of Germany.

CHAP. CCX. Of Denmark, and the Provinces and Cities thereof.

CHAP. CCXI. Of Copenhagen, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CCXII. Of Elsinour, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CCXIII. Weights in general of Denmark reduced to that of London.

CHAP. CCXIV. Measures in general of Denmark reduced to London.

CHAP. CCXV. Of the Trade in general of Denmark.

CHAP. CCXVI. Of Norway, and the Cities thereof.

CHAP. CCXVII. Of Swethland, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CCXVIII. Of Stockholm, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CCXIX. Of Moscovia, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CCXX. Of Mosco, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CCXXI. Of the Trade in general of Moscovia.

CHAP. CCXXII. Of Polonia, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CCXXIII. Of Cracovia, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CCXXIV. Of Dantzick, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CCXXV. Of Elbin, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CCXXVI. Of Conixburg, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CCXXVII. Of Rhiga, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CCXXVIII. Of Revel, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CCXXIX. Of Stralsont, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CCXXX. Of Stetin, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CCXXXI. Of the Weights and Measures of Eastland to that of London.

CHAP. CCXXXII. Of Corn-Measures of Eastland reduced to that of other Countries.

CHAP. CCXXXIII. Of the Trade in general of Poland and Eastland.

CHAP. CCXXXIV. Of Hungary, and the principal Cities thereof.

CHAP. CCXXXV. Of Dacia, and the Provinces and Cities thereof.

CHAP. CCXXXVI. Of Sclavonia, and the Provinces and Cities thereof.

CHAP. CCXXXVII. Of Rhagusa and Spallatta, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CCXXXVIII. Of Greece, and the Provinces thereof.

CHAP. CCXXXIX. Of Modena, Corona, and Petras, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CCXL. Of Catarro, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CCXLI. Of Sebenico, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CCXLII. Of Scutary, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CCXLIII. Of Valona, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CCXLIV. Of Larta, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CCXLV. Of Lepanto, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CCXLVI. Of Salonica, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CCXLVII. Of Constantinople, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CCXLVIII. Of the Trade of the Isles seated in the Egean, Ionian, Mediterranean and Adriatick Seas.

CHAP. CCXLIX. Of Scio, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CCL. Of Rhodes, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CCLI. Of Candia, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CCLII. Of Corfu, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CCLIII. Of the Island of Zant, Zeffalonia, and Ithaca, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CCLIV. Of the Islands of the Adriatick Seas, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CCLV. Zara, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CCLVI. Of Sicilia, and the Cities of Trade thereof.

CHAP. CCLVII. Of Palermo, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CCLVIII. Of Messina, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CCLIX. Of Callary, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CCLX. Of Majorca and Minorca, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CCLXI. Of Ivisa, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CCLXII. Of the Ocean Islands, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CCLXIII. Of Ireland, and the Provinces thereof.

CHAP. CCLXIV. Of Dublin, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CCLXV. Of Scotland, and the Provinces and Cities thereof.

CHAP. CCLXVI. Of Edenburg and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CCLXVII. Of Britain, and the Provinces thereof.

CHAP. CCLXVIII. Of Wales, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CCLXIX. Of England, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CCLXX. Of London, and the Trade thereof.

CHAP. CCLXXI. Of Weights used in England.

CHAP. CCLXII. Of Measures used in England.

CHAP. CCLXXIII. Of the Trade in general of England.

EXCHANGES.

CHAP. CCLXXIV. Of Exchanges in general, and of the Method and Manner thereof, and how calculated in any Place in Christendom.

CHAP. CCLXXV. The Declaration of the Table of Exchanges following.

CHAP. CCLXXVI. The Use of the Table of Exchanges.

CHAP. CCLXXVII. Of the Exchanges of Placentia, a Place of Fairs, or Fiera of Exchanges in Italy.

CHAP. CCLXXVIII. Of the Exchanges of Lions, Paris, and Rouen in France.

CHAP. CCLXXIX. Of the Exchanges of Rome in Italy.

CHAP. CCLXXX. Of the Exchanges of Genoua, the Metropolis of Liguria.

CHAP. CCLXXXI. Of the Exchanges of Millan in Lombardy.

CHAP. CCLXXXIII. Of the Exchanges of Venice in the Adriatick Seas.

CHAP. CCLXXXIII. Of the Exchanges of Florence, the Ducal City of Tuscany.

CHAP. CCLXXXIV. Of the Exchanges of Lucca, a Republick in Tuscany.

CHAP. CCLXXXV. Of the Exchanges of Naples, the Metropolis of that Kingdom.

CHAP. CCLXXXVI. Of the Exchanges of Lechy in Calabria.

CHAP. CCLXXXVII. Of the Exchanges of Bary in Puglia.

CHAP. CCLXXXVIII. Of the Exchanges of Palermo, in Sicilia.

CHAP. CCLXXXIX. Of the Exchanges of Mesina, in the Fair of Sicilia.

CHAP. CCXC. Of the Exchanges of Antwerp in Brabant, and Collen in Germany the Lower.

CHAP. CCXCI. Of the Exchanges of London, the Metropolis of England.

CHAP. CCXCII. Of the Exchanges of Valentia, the Metropolis of Valentia.

CHAP. CCXCIII. Of the Exchanges of Saragosa, in Catalonia.

CHAP. CCXCIV. Of the Exchanges of Barselona the Metropolis of Catalonia.

CHAP. CCXCV. Of the Exchanges of Sevil, Alcala, Medina del Campo, and other places in Castilia.

CHAP. CCXCVI. Of the Exchanges of Lisbon in Portugal.

CHAP. CCXCVII. Of the Exchanges of Bolonia in Italy.

CHAP. CCXCVIII. Of the Exchanges of Bergamo in Lombardy.

CHAP. CCXCIX. Of the Exchanges of Franckford, Norimberg, Augusta, and Vienna in Germany.

CHAP. CCC. Of the Terms of Payments in general of Bills of Exchange.

CHAP. CCCI. How the Rates and Prices in Exchanges are settled.

CHAP. CCCII. Of the Par in Exchanges.

CHAP CCCIII. Of Examples upon the Exchanges practised at Lions, and how the the same are calculated.

CHAP. CCCIV. Brief Rates of Exchanges in Lions, which may serve for the Rates of Interest in many other places.

CHAP. CCCV. Examples of the Exchanges of Lions, with the Profit of the Profits thereof.

CHAP. CCCVI. Of the Account of Discounts or Rebates, and the manner thereof, used as well in Lions, as in many other places of Trade.

CHAP. CCCVII. The Table of casting the Accounts of Discounts, or Rebatements.

CHAP. CCCVIII. Of the Exchanges of Lions with Rome.

CHAP. CCCIX. Of the Exchanges of Lions with Florence.

CHAP. CCCX. Of the Exchange of Lions with Lucca.

CHAP. CCCXI. Of the Exchanges of Lions with Naples.

CHAP. CCCXII. Of the Exchanges of Lions with Palermo or Mesina.

CHAP. CCCXIII. Of the Exchanges of Lions with Genoa.

CHAP. CCCXIV. Of the Exchanges of Lions with Millan.

CHAP. CCCXV. Of the Exchange of Lions with Venetia.

CHAP. CCCXVI. Of the Exchanges of Lions with Bolonia.

CHAP. CCCXVII. Of the Exchanges of Lions with Placentia.

CHAP. CCCXVIII. Of the Exchanges of Lions with Antwerp.

CHAP. CCCXIX. Of the Exchanges of Lions with London.

CHAP. CCCXX. Of the Exchange of Lions with Francfort.

CHAP. CCCXXI. Of the Exchange of Lions with Sevil.

CHAP. CCCXXII. Of the Exchanges of Lions with Lisbon.

CHAP. CCCXXIII. Of the Exchanges of Lions with Barselona.

CHAP. CCCXXIV. Of Orders and Commissions given and received for Draughts and Remittances by Exchanges in Lions.

CHAP. CCCXXV. Of the Fairs of Lions, wherein all Bills of Exchange are thence drawn, and are there satisfied.

CHAP. CCCXXVI. Of Examples of the Exchanges practised in Rome, and how the same are calculated.

CHAP. CCCXXVII. Of the Exchanges of Rome with Lions.

CHAP CCCXXVIII. Of the Exchange of Rome with Placentia

CHAP. CCCXXIX. Of the Exchange of Rome with Florence.

CHAP. CCCXXX. Of the Exchange of Rome with Venetia.

CHAP. CCCXXXXI. Of the Exchanges of Rome with Millan.

CHAP. CCCXXXII. Of the Exchanges of Rome with Naples.

CHAP. CCCXXXIII. Of the Exchanges of Rome with Genoa.

CHAP. CCCXXXIV. Of the Exchanges of Rome with Palermo or Mesina.

CHAP. CCCXXXV. Of the Exchanges of Rome with Antwerp.

CHAP. CCCXXXVI. Of the Exchanges of Rome with London.

CHAP. CCCXXXVII. Of the Exchanges of Rome with the Cities of Valentia, Saragosa, or Barselona.

CHAP. CCCXXXVIII. Of the Exchanges of Rome with Sevil.

CHAP. CCCXXXIX. Of the Exchanges of Rome with Lisbon.

CHAP. CCCXL. Of the Terms of Payment of Bills of Exchange in Rome.

CHAP. CCCXLI. Of the Aggio of Moneys practised in the Exchanges and Payments of Rome.

CHAP. CCCXLII. Of Orders and Commissions given and received for Draughts and Remittances by Exchanges in Rome.

CHAP. CCCXLIII. Examples of the Exchanges practised in Naples, and how the same are to be calculated.

CHAP. CCCXLIV. Of the Exchanges of Naples with Lions.

CHAP. CCCXLV. Of the Exchanges of Naples with Placentia.

CHAP. CCCXLVI. Of the Exchanges of Naples with Rome.

CHAP. CCCXLVII. Of the Exchanges of Naples with Florence.

CHAP. CCCXLVIII. Of the Exchanges of Naples with Venice.

CHAP. CCCXLIX. Of the Exchanges of Naples with Millan.

CHAP. CCCL. Of the Exchanges of Naples with Lechy and Bary.

CHAP. CCCLI. Of the Exchanges of Naples with Mesina.

CHAP. CCCLII. Of the Exchanges of Naples with Palermo.

CHAP. CCCLIII. Of the Exchanges of Naples with Genoa.

CHAP. CCCLIV. Of the Exchanges of Naples with Antwerp.

CHAP. CCCLV. Of the Exchanges of Naples with London.

CHAP. CCCLVI. Of the Exchanges of Naples with Valentia.

CHAP. CCCLVII. Of the Exchanges of Naples with Sevil.

CHAP. CCCLVIII. Of the Exchanges of Naples with Lisbon.

CHAP. CCCLIX. Of the Terms of the Payment of Bills of Exchange in Naples.

CHAP. CCCLX. Of Orders and Commissions given and received for Draughts and Remittances in Naples.

CHAP. CCCLXI. Examples of the Exchanges practised at Genoa, and how the same are concluded.

CHAP. CCCLXII. Of the Exchanges of Genoa with Placentia.

CHAP. CCCLXIII. Of the Exchanges of Genoa with Lions.

CHAP. CCCLXIV. Of the Exchanges of Genoa with Millan.

CHAP. CCCLXV. Of the Exchanges of Genoa with Venice.

CHAP. CCCLXVI. Of the Exchanges of Genoa with Naples.

CHAP. CCCLXVII. Of Orders and Commissions given and received for Draughts and Remittances in Genoa.

CHAP. CCCLXVIII. Of the terms of payment of Bills of Exchanges in Genoa.

CHAP. CCCLXIX. Examples of the Exchanges practised at Venice, and how the same are to be calculated.

CHAP. CCCLXX. Of the Exchanges of Venice with Lions.

CHAP. CCCLXXI. Of the Exchanges of Venice with Placentia.

CHAP. CCCLXXII. Of the Exchanges of Venice with Rome.

CHAP. CCCLXXIII. Of the Exchanges of Venice with Naples.

CHAP. CCCLXXIV. Of the Exchanges of Venice with Florence.

CHAP. CCCLXXV. Of the Exchanges of Venice with Millan.

CHAP. CCCLXXVI. Of the Exchanges of Venice with Antwerp.

CHAP. CCCLXXVII. Of the Exchanges of Venice with London.

CHAP. CCCLXXVIII. Of the Exchanges of Venice with Genoa.

CHAP. CCCLXXIX. Of the Exchanges of Venice with Norimberg.

CHAP. CCCLXXX. Of the Exchanges of Venice with Bergamo.

CHAP. CCCLXXXI. Of Orders and Commissions given and received for Draughts and Remittances in Venice.

CHAP. CCCLXXXII. Of the Terms of Payment of Bills of Exchange in Venice.

CHAP. CCCLXXXIII. Examples of the Exchanges that are practised in Placentia, and how the same are to be calculated.

CHAP. CCCLXXXIV. Of the Exchanges of Placentia with Lions.

CHAP. CCCLXXXV. Of the Exchanges of Placentia with Genoa.

CHAP. CCCLXXXVI. Of the Exchanges of Placentia with Rome.

CHAP. CCCLXXXVII. Of the Exchanges of Placentia with Florence.

CHAP. CCCLXXXVIII. Of the Exchanges of Placentia with Palermo.

CHAP. CCCLXXXIX. Of the Exchanges of Placentia with Venice.

CHAP. CCCXC. Of the Exchanges of Placentia with Millan.

CHAP. CCCXCI. Of the Exchanges of Placentia with Naples.

CHAP. CCCXCII. Of the Exchanges of Placentia with Sevil.

CHAP. CCCXCIII. Of the Exchanges of Placentia with Valentia.

CHAP. CCCXCIV. Of the Exchanges of Placentia with Antwerp.

CHAP. CCCXCV. Of the Exchanges of Placentia with Bergamo.

CHAP. CCCXCVI. Of the Exchanges of Placentia with Lucca.

CHAP. CCCXCVII. Of the Exchanges of Placentia with Francfort.

CHAP. CCCXCVIII. Of Orders and Commissions given and received for Draughts and Remittances in Placentia.

CHAP. CCCXCIX. Questions upon the Exchanges practised at Placentia.

CHAP. CCCC. Examples of Exchanges practised at Florence, and how the same are to be calculated.

CHAP. CCCCI. Of the Exchanges of Florence with Lions.

CHAP. CCCCII. Of the Exchanges of Florence with Placentia.

CHAP. CCCCIII. Of the Exchanges of Florence with Venetia.

CHAP. CCCCIV. Of the Exchanges of Florence with Rome.

CHAP. CCCCV. Of the Exchanges of Florence with Naples.

CHAP. CCCCVI. Of the Exchanges of Florence with Antwerp.

CHAP. CCCCVII. To Reduce Crowns of 7 l. in Florence into Crowns of Gold of Lire, 7½.

CHAP. CCCCVIII. Of the Terms of Payment of Bills of Exchange in Florence.

CHAP. CCCCIX. Of Orders and Commissions given and received for Draughts and Remittances by Exchanges in the City of Florence in Tuscany.

CHAP. CCCCX. Examples of Exchanges practised at Millan, and how the same are to be calculated.

CHAP. CCCCXI. Of the Exchanges of Millan with Lions.

CHAP. CCCCXII. Of the Exchanges of Millan with Placentia.

CHAP. CCCCXIII. Of the Exchanges of Millan with Venice.

CHAP. CCCCXIV. Of the Exchanges of Millan with Rome.

CHAP. CCCCXV. Of the Exchanges of Millan with Naples.

CHAP. CCCCXVI. Of the Exchanges of Millan for Genoa.

CHAP. CCCCXVII. Of Terms of Payment of Bills of Exchange in Millan.

CHAP. CCCCXVIII. Of Orders and Commissions given and received for Draughts and Remittances.

CHAP. CCCCXIX. Of Exchanges practised in Palermo and Mesina, and how the same are to be calculated.

CHAP. CCCCXX. Of the Exchanges of Palermo and Mesina with Lions.

CHAP. CCCCXXI. Of the Exchanges of Palermo and Mesina with Placentia.

CHAP. CCCCXXII. Of the Exchanges of Palermo and Mesina with Naples.

CHAP. CCCCXXIII. Of the Exchanges of Palermo and Mesina with Venice.

CHAP. CCCCXXIV. Of the Exchanges of Palermo and Mesina with Barselona.

CHAP. CCCCXXV. Of Orders and Commissions given and received for Draughts and Remittances in Palermo and Mesina.

CHAP. CCCCXXVI. Of Examples upon the Exchanges that are practised in Barselona, and how the same are calculated.

CHAP. CCCCXXVII. Of the Exchanges of Barselona with Lions.

CHAP. CCCCXXVIII. Of the Exchanges of Barselona with Placentia.

CHAP. CCCCXXIX. Of the Exchanges of Barselona with Saragosa.

CHAP. CCCCXXX. Of the Exchanges of Barselona with Valentia.

CHAP. CCCCXXXI. Of the Exchanges of Barselona with Sevil.

CHAP. CCCCXXXII. Of the Exchanges of Barselona with Lisbon.

CHAP. CCCCXXXIII. Orders and Commissions given and received for Draughts and Remittances in Barselona.

CHAP. CCCCXXXIV. Of the Terms of Payments of Bills of Exchange in Barselona.

CHAP. CCCCXXXV. Examples of Exchanges practised in Antwerp, and how the same are to be calculated.

CHAP. CCCCXXXVI. Of the Exchanges of Antwerp with Lions.

CHAP. CCCCXXXVII. Of the Exchanges of Antwerp with Placentia.

CHAP. CCCCXXXVIII. Of the Exchanges of Antwerp with Florence.

CHAP. CCCCXXXIX. Of the Exchanges of Antwerp with Venice.

CHAP. CCCCXL. Of the Exchanges of Antwerp with London.

CHAP. CCCCXLI. Of the Terms of Payment of Bills of Exchange in Antwerp.

CHAP. CCCCXLII. Of Orders and Commissions given and received for Draughts and Remittances in Antwerp.

CHAP. CCCCXLIII. Of the Exchanges practisd in London, and how the same are to be calculated.

CHAP. CCCCXLIV. Of the Exchanges of London with Lions.

CHAP. CCCCXLV. Of the Exchanges of London with Florence.

CHAP. CCCCXLVI. Of the Exchanges of London with Venice.

CHAP. CCCCXLVII. Of the Exchanges of London with Antwerp.

CHAP. CCCCXLVIII. Of Orders and Commissions given and received for Draughts and Remittances in London.

CHAP. CCCCXLIX. Of the Terms of Payments of Bills of Exchange in London.

CHAP. CCCCL. Of the Abreviation of Division and Multiplication after the Italian and foreign manner and method.

An Alphabetical Table, comprehending the most Notable Things contained in this Merchants Map of Commerce.

A Table of the Longitude and Latitude of all the principal Cities mentioned in this Map of Commerce.

title page

To the READER.

advice

Exchange Excellent and Necessary.

Exchange what it is.

Inland and Outland Bills all alike.

Four Persons to make an Exchange, and how called.

Three Persons to make an Exchange.

Two Persons to make an Exchange.

Dry Exchange.

Feigned Exchange.

Petty Exchange.

PAIR.

For what Parts the Exchange is made.

Upon what the Exchange is valued.

The PAIR of several Countries.

Pair at France.

Pair at Legorn.

Pair at Venice.

Pair between Antwerp and Paris, or any part of France.

Hamburgh Pair.

Receive your Mony before you part with your Bill, by Assignment to receive the Mony else∣where.

Several Forms of BILLS OF EX∣CHANGE in several Languages.

Take up Mony for another Man, how performed.

Note in your Book the name and place of abode of him who presents a Bill to be Accepted.

Keep Copies of Bills sent to get accepted.

Make the Directions of Bills on the inside.

Whether a man is bound to present his Bill to be Accepted.

Whether the Accepter is freed by protesting.

Times of Payment, and in what Species.

Danger in making Bills payable to the Bearer.

The Names and Times of Old and New Stile, though both agreeing, yet how distinguished.

No witness to a Bill of Exchange:

Hamborough and Strasburgh stile.

Usance from Venice, Hamborough, &c.

No three days for acceptance.

Twenty four hours for Acceptance.

Give advice by the first Post.

A Bill drawn on two Persons.

Verbal Acceptance.

Accept for part.

Note on your Bills the times when they will fall due.

Keep or return Bills accepted.

The Deliverer is Master.

Usance, what it is, and how to be accounted.

Days sight.

An accepted Bill lost by the party to whom payable.

No revoking Acceptance.

Accept for longer time.

Receive part.

Bill accepted by another man.

How to reckon the time.

Half Usance.

Three days after due.

Protest must be made though the three days are expired.

Bill payable at a prefixt day.

Acceptance by Wife, or Servant.

A Bill drawn at one place, and payable at another.

The Taker bound to the Deliverer, and the Ac∣ceptor bound to the Party to whom payable.

Better security.

Protest in the day time.

Protest returned for non-acceptance, or want of better security.

Protest for non-payment returned.

Keep the accepted Bill, but return the non-accepted.

Bill of Exchange lost, left to be accepted.

Bill endorsed in Blank.

Accept for Account of Drawer.

Bill paid upon Protest.

Bill must not be paid before due.

Second Bill with an Assignment.

Party dead which accepted.

Party dead to whom payable.

Bill without Assignment.

No such Man to be found.

No body at home.

No avoiding a Protest.

Figures and Words disagreeing.

A Name mended or interlined.

Bill payable positively to such a Man.

Bill without Direction.

The Drawer repays the Value upon Protest.

Letters of Credit.

Put Bill in Letter-Case or Almanack.

How to bring French Crowns into sterling Mony.

Directions concerning the two ensuing Tables.

Short Instructions how to keep Merchants Books of Accompt, after the Italian manner.

title page

to the reader

CHAP. I. The Qualities which are required in a perfect Merchant of Forein Trade.

CHAP. II. The Means to enrich this Kingdom, and to encrease our Treasure.

CHAP. III. The particular Ways and Means to increase the Exportation of our Commodities, and to decrease our Consumption of Forein Wares.

CHAP. IV. The Exportation of our Monies in Trade of Mer∣chandize, is a Means to increase our Treasure.

CHAP. V. Forein Trade is the only means to improve the Price of our Lands.

CHAP. VI. The Spanish Treasure cannot be kept from other Kingdoms by any Prohibition made in Spain.

CHAP. VII. The Diversity of Gain by Forein Trade.

CHAP. VIII. The Enhancing or Debasing our Monies, cannot Enrich the Kingdom with Treasure, nor hinder the Exportation thereof.

CHAP. IX. A Toleration for Forein Coins to pass currant here at higher Rates than their Value with our Standard, will not encrease our Treasure.

CHAP. V. The Observation of the Statute of Imployments to be made by Strangers, cannot Increase, nor yet Preserve our Treasure.

CHAP. XI. It will not increase our Treasure to enjoyn the Merchant that exporteth Fish, Corn, or Mu∣nition, to return all or part of the Value in Mony.

CHAP. XII. The Ʋndervaluing of our Mony which is deli∣vered or received by Bills of Exchange here or beyond the Seas, cannot decrease our Treasure.

CHAP. XIII. The Merchant who is a meer Exchanger of Mony by Bills, cannot Increase or Decrease our Treasure.

CHAP. XIV. The Admirable Feats supposed to be done by Bankers and the Merchant's Exchange.

CHAP. XV. Of some Excesses and Evils in the Common∣wealth, which notwithstanding, decay not our Trade nor Treasure.

CHAP. XVI. How the Revenues and Incoms of Princes may justly be raised.

CHAP. XVII. Whether it be necessary for Great Princes to lay up Store of Treasure.

CHAP. XVIII. How much Treasure a Prince may conveniently lay up Yearly.

CHAP. XIX. Of some different Effects, which proceed from Natural and Artificial Wealth.

CHAP. XX. The Order and Means whereby we may draw up the Ballance of our Forein Trade.

CHAP. XXI. The Conclusion upon all that hath been said, concerning the Exportation or Importation of Treasure.

These Books following, are Sold by Tho. Horne at the South Entrance of the Royal-Exchange LONDON.