The scales of commerce and trade: ballancing betwixt the buyer and seller, artificer and manufacture, debitor and creditor, the most general questions, artificiall rules, and usefull conclusions incident to traffique: comprehended in two books. The first states the ponderates to equity and custome, all usuall rules, legall bargains and contracts, in wholesale ot [sic] retaile, with factorage, returnes, and exchanges of forraign coyn, of interest-money, both simple and compounded, with solutions from naturall and artificiall arithmetick. The second book treats of geometricall problems and arithmeticall solutions, in dimensions of lines, superficies and bodies, both solid and concave, viz. land, wainscot, hangings, board, timber, stone, gaging of casks, military propositions, merchants accounts by debitor and creditor; architectonice, or the art of building. / By Thomas Willsford Gent.

Title

The scales of commerce and trade: ballancing betwixt the buyer and seller, artificer and manufacture, debitor and creditor, the most general questions, artificiall rules, and usefull conclusions incident to traffique: comprehended in two books. The first states the ponderates to equity and custome, all usuall rules, legall bargains and contracts, in wholesale ot [sic] retaile, with factorage, returnes, and exchanges of forraign coyn, of interest-money, both simple and compounded, with solutions from naturall and artificiall arithmetick. The second book treats of geometricall problems and arithmeticall solutions, in dimensions of lines, superficies and bodies, both solid and concave, viz. land, wainscot, hangings, board, timber, stone, gaging of casks, military propositions, merchants accounts by debitor and creditor; architectonice, or the art of building. / By Thomas Willsford Gent.

Author

Willsford, Thomas.

Publication

London, :: Printed by J.G. for Nath: Brook, at the angel in Cornhill.,

1660.

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Subject terms

Architecture -- Early works to 1800.

Arithmetic -- Early works to 1800.

Link to this Item

https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A74684.0001.001 content_copy

Cite this Item

"The scales of commerce and trade: ballancing betwixt the buyer and seller, artificer and manufacture, debitor and creditor, the most general questions, artificiall rules, and usefull conclusions incident to traffique: comprehended in two books. The first states the ponderates to equity and custome, all usuall rules, legall bargains and contracts, in wholesale ot [sic] retaile, with factorage, returnes, and exchanges of forraign coyn, of interest-money, both simple and compounded, with solutions from naturall and artificiall arithmetick. The second book treats of geometricall problems and arithmeticall solutions, in dimensions of lines, superficies and bodies, both solid and concave, viz. land, wainscot, hangings, board, timber, stone, gaging of casks, military propositions, merchants accounts by debitor and creditor; architectonice, or the art of building. / By Thomas Willsford Gent." In the digital collection Early English Books Online 2. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A74684.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed May 6, 2024. content_copy

Contents

• title page
• A DEDICATORY EPISTLE TO THE Illustrious and most Ingenuous MERCHANTS, The Patrons of Commerce and Trade, wishing Success may crown their good Endeavours.
• A GENERALL PREFACE TO ALL Adventurers & Negotiators, conversant in Commerce & Trade, with a compendious Discourse, which is to be preferred in an happy Re∣publick, viz. the Lawyer, Mer∣chant, or Souldier; wishing well to all honest Endeavors.
• To the Tyron of Merchants Accounts, short Ad∣vertisements, as to the Debitor and Cre∣ditor, with some precautions to pre∣vent mistakes, for the right use of it.
• ERRATA.
• to the reader
• To his Honoured ƲNCLE, M. Thomas VVillsford, &c.
• table of contents
  • AN INDEX TO THE FIRST BOOK, Divided into three Parts.
  • The Contents of the second Book, divided into five parts.
• THE FIRST BOOK.
  • part - 1
    • PROPOSITION I.
      • The Rule.
      • An Explanation of Whole-sale and Retail: Lib. 2. Parag. 8.
    • PROPOSITION II.
      • The RULE.
      • An explanation where gain is imposed up∣on the parcel: Lib. 2. Parag. 8.
    • PROPOSITION III.
      • The RULES.
      • An explanation, where gain or loss is impo∣sed upon a part, Lib. 2. Parag. 10.
    • PROPOSITION IV.
      • The RULE.
      • An Explanation upon Loss sustained in any Commodity. Lib. 2. Parag. 8.
    • PROPOSITION V.
      • The RULE.
      • An Explanation of gain or loss as any ate per Cent. Lib. 2. Parag. 8.
    • PROPOSITION VI.
      • The RULE.
      • An Explanation of Gain or Loss sustained, at any rate per Cent. Lib. 2. Parag. 8.
    • PROPOSITION VII.
      • The RULE.
      • An Explanation of Gain or Loss in one Parcel, to finde the rest, Lib. 2. Parag. 8.
    • PROPOSITION VIII.
      • The RULES.
      • An explanation of Gain or Losse with time at any rate per Cent. Lib. 2. Parag. 10.
    • PROPOSITION IX.
      • THE RULES.
      • An Explanation in Gain or losse with Time. Lib. 2. Parag. 10.
    • PROPOSITION X.
    • PROPOSITION XI.
      • The RULES.
      • An Explanation in Gain or Loss with time un∣known. Lib. 2. Parag. 10.
    • PROPOSITION XII.
    • PROPOSITION XIII.
      • The RULES.
      • An Explanation of Gain or Loss in several pay∣ments, Lib. 2. Parag. 10.
    • PROPOSITION XIV.
      • The RULES.
      • An explanation of gainer loss proportionable to a stock and time. Lib. 2. Parag. 10.
    • PROPOSITION XV.
    • PROPOSITION XVI.
      • The RULE.
      • An explanation in equation of payments in gain or losse. Lib. 2. Parag. 11.
    • PROPOSITION XVII.
      • The RULE.
      • An explanation of Barter, or vending one commodity for another. Lib. 2. Parag. 8.
    • PROPOSITION XVIII.
      • The RULE.
      • An explanation upon the rate Wares made pro∣portionable in barter. Lib. 2. Parag. 8.
    • PROPOSITION XIX.
      • The RULE.
      • An explanation of Tare, Neat and Cloffe in gross weights. Lib. 2. Parag. 8.
    • PROPOSITION XX.
      • The first RULE.
      • The second RULE.
      • An explanation of Trett, with reduction of the pound subtle. Lib. 2. Parag. 8.
    • PROPOSITION XXI.
    • PROPOSITION XXII.
      • The RULE.
      • An explanation of Exchanges betwixt Forreign Coyns.
    • PROPOSITION XXIII.
    • PROPOSITION XXIV.
      • The RULE.
      • An explanation upon return of money after any rate per cent. Lib. 2. Parag. 8.
    • PROPOSITION XXV. Upon assurance and return of money at any rate in the pound sterl. to find what a greater or lesser summe will be worth, assured at the rate propounded.
    • PROPOSITION XXVI. The rate or proportion for the exchange of any mo∣ney betwixt two places being known, to find how much money of the one place will discharge a bill of exchange in the other city or town.
      • The RULE.
      • An explanation of two wayes concurring in one production.
    • PROPOSITION XXVII.
    • PROPOSITION XXVIII.
      • The RULES.
      • An explanation of Exchanges. Lib. 2. Parag. 7. Axiom 13. and Parag. 10.
    • PROPOSITION XXIX.
      • The RULE.
      • An explanation in reduction of weights, Lib. 1. Parag. 8.
    • PROPOSITION XXX.
      • An Explanation.
    • PROPOSITION XXXI.
      • An explanation in reduction of Measures. Lib. 2. Parag. 8.
    • PROPOSITION XXXII.
      • The RULES.
      • An explanation in reduction of measures from plura∣lity of proportion. Lib. 2. Parag. 10.
    • PROPOSITION XXXIII
      • The RULE.
      • An explanation of Factorage. Lib. 2. Parag. 8.
    • PROPOSITION XXXIV.
    • PROPOSITION XXXV. Of Factorage.
    • PROPOSITION XXXVI.
      • The RULE.
      • An explanation of Factorage, Lib. 3. sect. 1. cap. 7. table 1.
    • PROPOSITION XXXVII.
      • The RULE.
      • An explanation of Sea-hazard, or Bottom-ree. Lib. 2. Parag. 8.
  • THE SECOND PART.
    • Definitions and Etymologies of Usury and Interest Money, with the several operation compendiously displayed.
      • The RULE.
    • PROPOSITION XXXVIII.
      • An explanation of simple interest. Lib. 2. Parag. 8.
    • PROPOSITION XXXIX.
      • An explanation of simple interest, lib. 2. par. 10.
    • PROPOSITION XL.
      • An explanation of simple Interest. lib. 2. parag. 10.
    • PROPOSITION XLI.
      • An explanation of this Proposition, lib. 2. parag. 10. quest. 4.
    • PROPOSITION XLII.
      • An explanation of interest money by the rules of practise: Lib 2. Parag. 9. Quet. 4, 5, & 6.
    • PROPOSITION XLIII.
      • An Explanation.
    • PROPOSITION XLIV.
      • An Explanation.
    • PROPOSITION XLV.
      • An Explanation.
    • PROPOSITION XLVI.
      • The RULE.
      • An explanation of this rule in discount, or rebate of money, lib 2. parag. 8.
    • PROPOSITION XLVII.
      • The RULE.
      • An explanation of discount or rebate of money, for dayes, weeks, moneths, &c.
      • The construction of Decimal Tables for Use money, made proportional for any interest, time, or terme of years required, with the applications of these il∣lustrated with usefull and compendious examples.
      • The proportions of compound Interest Money, in Decimall numbers, due upon the lone of 1 L Principall.
        • RULE 1.
        • RULE 2.
      • To finde Decimal Numbers for any parts of a year, as moneths, weeks, dayes, or for half years and quarterly payments.
      • The framing of the second Table for discount or rebate of money.
        • RULE 1.
        • RULE 2.
        • An illustration.
      • How to find Decimal numbers for parts of a year upon discount, or for half years and quarterly payments.
      • The invention of Decimall Fractions, or proportionall numbers for the third Table.
      • The construction of Decimal Fractions, or proportio∣nal numbers for the fourth table.
      • How to find the Decimal Fractions, or proportionall Numbers for the fifth table.
        • RULE 1.
        • An Illustration.
      • The description, use and explantion of these Decimal Tables, accommodated to the compound interest al∣lowed, at 6 L per cent. per ann. calculated with∣out sensible errour in the forbearance or discount of Money, Annuities, Rents, Pensions, and Reversi∣ons, with the purchase of them due upon yearly pay∣ments.
      • The first Tables use illustrated.
        • QUESTION I. If 1000 L be forborn 1 day, what shall be the inte∣rest of it, after the rate of 6 L per centum per an∣num?
        • QUESTION II. What will the interest of 300 L amount unto, if for∣born 3 weeks, after the rate of 6 L per centum per annum?
        • QUEST. III. What will the interest of 200 L rise unto, if for∣born 6 moneths, after the rate of 6 L per centum per annum?
        • QUESTION IV. How much comes the interest of 150 L unto, if for∣born 7 years, at the rate of 6 L per centum per an∣num?
        • QUESTION V. If 210 L be forborn the term of 3 years, 3 mo∣neths, 3 weeks, and 3 dayes, what will be the encrease at 6 L per centum per annum?
      • The second Table of compound Interest illustrated by Examples.
        • QUESTION VI. At the term of 6 moneths A is to pay unto B 500 l, but do agree in receiving it presently upon discount, af∣ter the rate of 6 L per cent. per ann. what summe of money will discharge it?
        • QUESTION VII. A had a Lease in reversion, which at the expiration of 7 years was valued worth 1200 L. which Lease B would purchase present pay, rebating at 6 L per cent. per ann. what will be the value of i?
        • QUESTION VIII. A is to pay unto B a Legacy of 1800 L, which is to be discharged at 3 several and equal payments, viz. at the end of 6 moneths 600 L, at the term of a year 600 more, and the last payment 6 moneths after that: B desire, it presently, and A is willing upon discount at 6 L per cent. per ann. what summe will discharge it at one present and entire payment?
      • The third Tables use of compound interest demonstrated by examples.
        • QUESTION IX. If an Annuity of 60 L per ann. be all forborn 7 yeares, how much will it amount unto when that terme expires.
        • QUESTION X. A did owe unto B 186 L, and upon covenant to pay unto the said B a rent of 20 L 13 ss 4 d per an. untill the debt should be discharged; yet after this contract, they both agreed to respite the payments, un∣till the last were due, with this proviso, to pay it all in then, allowing interest for the forbearance, at 6 L per cent. per ann.
        • QUESTION XI. A was to pay unto B 200 L at the full term of 5 years, for which debt A was contented to make B a Lease of a Farm to continue in force the same time, whose annual rent was 35 L. which of them gained by this contract, interest allowed at 6 L per cent. per annum?
      • The fourth Table exemplified in discount of Annui∣ties, Rents, Pensions, or Reversions, at 6 L per cent. per ann. compound interest.
        • QUESTION XII. What is the present worth of 80 L Rent or Annuity, to continue 25 years, rebating at 6 L per centum per annum?
        • QUESTION XIII. A man hath a Lease of Lands or Tenements worth 15 L per ann. more then the rent, and hath a Lease yet 4 years in being; the Tenant desires to take ano∣ther in reversion for 21 years at the same rent, what must the Lessee pay for a Fine, interest allowed at 6 L per centum per annum?
        • QUESTION XIV. A Tenant hath a Lease of 21 years, the present thereof is 41 L per ann. during the term of 7 years, and after that time shall be expired, the Lessee is to pay 50 L rent per ann. for the residue of the term, what is the value of this Lease in ready money, interest discounted at 6 L per cent. per annum?
        • QUESTION XV. There is a Lease to be taken for 21 years at 30 L per ann. and 100 L Fine: the Lessee likes the bar∣gain, but not the condition, desiring the annual rent to be but 10 L yearly payments, and is willing to give such a Fine as shall be proportionable to the rent aba∣ted, during the aforesaid term of 21 yeares, and here the Fine is demanded.
        • QUESTION XVI. A had a Lease of 130 L per ann. to continue 24 years; B had another of 210 L per ann. and 11 years to come; these 2 men mutually exchanged Leases; A (upon the contract) paid unto B 20 L in ready mo∣ney, which of these had the better bargain, and how much?
      • The fifth Table does demonstrate in its use the pur∣chasing of Annuities, Rents, Pensions, or Rever∣sions, at 6 L per centum per annum compound Interest.
        • QUESTION XVII. What Annuity, Rent, or Pension, will 250 L in ready money purchase for a Lease of 7 yeares; interest allowed at 6 L per cent. per ann.
        • QUESTION XVIII. There was a man who purchased a Lease to conti∣nue 25 years, at 10 L per ann. for which the Lessee paid a Fine of 150 L. how much was the annual rent of this Lease valued at, when interest was rated at 6 L per cent. per annum?
        • QUESTION XIX. There is a Lease of 25 years to come, set at 10 L rent per ann. and the Fine demanded is 150 L. the Tenant is willing to give 100 L, and a proportional annual revenue during the whole term, what wil be the rent required, the loan for money allowed at 6 L per centum per annum?
        • QUESTION XX. A Citizen giveth over his Trade unto a faith∣full servant, leaving him his shop ready furni∣shed, the Wares prized at 1408 L, the Lease of his house valued at 250 L, so in all 1638 L, which the Master was to receive by equall and annuall payments in the space of 7 yeares, the interest agreed upon at 6 L per centum per annum, what annuity will discharge this debt.
        • QUESTION XXI. A Tenant took a Lease of a House and Land for a term of 21 years, paying 160 L Fine, and 16 L Rent per ann. at 7 yeares end the Lessee was resolved to put it off: What annual Rent or Annuity must he set the Tenement at, to with∣draw his former Fine, or reserving the same Rent, impose another proportionall for the years to come? Interest at the rate of 6 L per cent. per ann.
  • THE THIRD PART.
    • Generall Rules of Practise, by the Art of Memory.
    • A description of this Table.
    • The benefit of this Table, by sundry Examples illustrated to ease the Art of Memory.
      • EXAMPLE I.
      • EXAMPLE II.
      • EXAMPLE III.
      • EXAMPLE IV.
      • EXAMPLE V.
      • EXAMPLE VI.
      • EXAMPLE VII.
      • EXAMPLE VIII.
      • EXAMPLE IX.
    • Any day of the year assign'd for the receipt or payment of money, or other business, to finde what day of the week 'twill fall upon for any time to come.
    • The Tables use explained.
    • EXAMPLE I.
    • EXAMPLE II.
• THE SECOND BOOK. Demonstrating a Sympatheti∣cal affection between Arith∣metick and Geometry, by solution of several Problemes or Propositions of Mag∣nitude with exactness by the assistance of Art and Numbers.
  • part - 1
    • PROBLEME I.
      • The Theoreme.
    • PROBLEME II.
      • The Theoreme.
    • PROBLEME III.
      • The Theoreme.
    • The 3 sides of any plain Triangle given, to finde the Perpendicular, and in what part of the Basis 'twill fall.
      • The Theorem.
    • PROBLEME IV.
      • The Theorem.
        • By Decimals.
    • PROBLEME V. For boarding a Room.
    • PROBLEME VI.
      • To measure Hangings, Wainscot, Pavements, Land, &c.
      • Example.
    • PROBLEME VII.
      • The Thorem.
    • PROBLEME VIII.
      • The Theorem.
    • PROBLEME IX.
      • The Theorem.
      • Definitions and terms.
    • PROBLEME X.
      • The Theoreme.
    • PROBLEME XI.
      • Three Theoremes.
      • A Treatise of Solids.
      • Definition of these figures, which in their several species are here propounded, and their dimensions required.
    • PROBLEME XII.
      • The Theorem.
      • The measuring of square Timber.
    • PROBLEME XIII.
      • The Theorem.
    • PROBLEME XIV.
      • The Theorem.
      • An ocular Demonstration in measuring of all tapering timber, whether round or square.
    • PROBLEME XV.
      • The Theorem.
  • THE SECOND PART.
    • PROBLEME I.
    • PROBLEME II.
    • PROBLEME III.
    • PROBLEME IV.
      • The Theoreme.
    • PROBLEME V.
      • The Theorem.
    • PROBLEME VI.
    • PROBLEME VII.
    • PROBLEME VIII.
    • PROBEME IX.
      • The Theorem.
  • THE THIRD PART, Consisting of Military Propositions.
    • PROPOSITION I.
    • PROPOSITION II.
      • Compendious Rules for marshalling of Souldi∣ers in any rectangular form of battel, either in one body, or in several Squadrons or Re∣giments.
    • PROPOSITION III.
    • PROPOSITION IV.
      • RULE 1.
      • RULE 2.
    • PROPOSITION V.
      • The RULE.
    • PROPOSITION VI.
    • PROPOSITION VII.
    • PROPOSITION VIII.
    • PROPOSITION IX.
    • PROPOSITION X.
    • PROPOSITION IX.
    • PROPOSITION XII.
    • PROPOSITION XIII.
      • The Solution.
    • PROPOSITION XIV.
    • PROPOSITION XV.
      • The Solution.
    • PROPOSITION XVI.
      • Generall Rules and Observation, or a Contexture of various questions.
      • The weight and content of Caskes for Powder.
      • The common ingredients and quantities in making of Powder.
    • PROPOSITION XVII.
    • PROPOSITION XVIII.
    • PROPOSITION XIX. By knowing the weight of a fathom of any Rope, to finde the weight of another either greater or lesser.
    • PROPOSITION XX.
• title page
• PRECEDENTS OF MERCHANTS ACCOUNTS, In form of DEBITOR & CREDITOR, According to the Italian manner, and the most Modern method Epitomiz'd.
  • An Inventory.
  • The number and names of Books usually kept in great Merchants Accounts, are these:
  • The Definitions of Debitor and Creditor.
  • What Debitor and Creditor contains in summe, unfol∣ded in the Merchants books, viz.
  • How these are comprehended under the notion of De∣bitors or made so by Commerce and Trade.
  • Creditors in Merchants Accounts are generally but reconversions from Debitors discharg'd, or the Principall, included briefly in these 12 Species.
  • The Title of the Journall.
  • THE JOURNALL; Number A in LONDON. 1658.
  • THE LEAGER: NUMBER A. Anno Dom. 1659. in LONDON.